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Table 1 Descriptive statistics for variables entered into the initial multilevel model

From: Population, behavioural and environmental drivers of malaria prevalence in the Democratic Republic of Congo

 

Malaria-Positive

Malaria-Negative

p-value

Expected Relationship

Individual-*/Level Variables

  

Age in single years - mean

28.6

30.2

<.0001

-

Male - %

52

47

<.0001

+

HIV-positive - %

1

2

0.0053

-

Education in single years -mean

5.7

6.7

<.0001

-

Wealth index (1-5) - mean

2.7

3.3

<.0001

-

Number of household members - mean

6.3

6.8

<.0001

+

Household has bed net - %

28

37

<.0001

-

Number of household bed nets - mean

.4

.6

<.0001

-

Number of kids under bed net previous night - mean

.21

.29

<.0001

-

Respondent slept under treated bed net last night - %

5.1

7.0

0.0010

-

Respondent slept under untreated bed net last night - %

10.2

15.2

<.0001

-

Child with fever past 2 weeks didn't use antimalarial - %

48

44

0.0023

+

Community-Level Variables

  

Time to water source (minutes) - mean

31.1

26.9

<.0001

+

Time to get to health facility (minutes) - mean

72.3

53.1

<.0001

+

Distance to a town (km) -mean

45.4

30.4

<.0001

+

Distance to a city (km) - mean

139.5

106.9

<.0001

+

Distance to a river or water body (km) - mean

2.7

2.5

0.0136

+

Distance to a road (km) - mean

1.9

1.8

0.0923

+

Population density (pop/sq km) within 25 km - mean

257.9

525.1

<.0001

-

Refugee camps within 100 km of community - mean

2.5

3.3

<.0001

+ / -

Conflict events since 1994 within 100 km of community - mean

26.9

62.9

<.0001

+ / -

Within rebel territory (as defined in 2001) - %

45

45

0.7101

+ / -

Average wealth index of community (1-5) - mean

2.7

3.3

<.0001

-

Percent agricultural land cover within 10 km - mean

11.9

13.0

<.0001

+

% in community under treated net last night - mean

4.6

5.5

<.0001

-

% in community under untreated net last night - mean

9.0

12.1

<.0001

-

Altitude (km) - mean

66.8

78.2

<.0001

-

Urban community - %

34

50

<.0001

-

Accumulated rainfall, month prior to interview (mm) - mean

87.5

86.8

0.0092

+

Average air temperature, month of interview (C) - mean

24.1

23.4

<.0001

+

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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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