Larval source management for malaria control in Africa: myths and reality

Malaria Journal

Table 1 Recent trials of larvicides against malaria in Africa

Study site	Ecosystem	Reduction in			Date of trial
		Late instar *Anopheles* larval density	Anopheles gambiae s.l. adult density	Malaria infection
Semi-arid ecosystems, Eritrea [50]	Desert fringe	Significant reduction	Significant reduction	-	Not reported
Lake Victoria, Kenya [51]	Rural, high population density	99% (97.5-99.4%)	91.5% (91.4-91.6%)	-	Jul 2001-Sep 2005
Western Highlands, Kenya [52]	Rural, Highlands	91% (87-95%)	86% (80-88%)	56% (18-77%)	Feb 2004-Jan 2007
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania [43, 53]	Urban	Not done¹	34.5% (19.1-46.7%)²	72% (20-90%)	Apr 2005-May 2007
Middle reaches of the Gambia River, The Gambia [54]	Floodplains	73-99%³	No impact	No protection	Jul 2005-Nov 2007

¹Larval density was not measured but proportion of habitats that contained late Anopheles larvae. There was a 96.5% reduction in Anopheles gambiae larval habitat abundance in year 1 as compared to the same time period pre-intervention and non-intervention sites [43]
²represents overall reduction in year 1 of intervention but late start during rainy season and operational challenges responsible for relative small reduction overall, the dry season larviciding in from July to September reduced transmission by 67% compared with the same time period pre-intervention and non-intervention sites
³Reduction in sites containing larvae compared with contemporary controls

ISSN: 1475-2875