Details | Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 | P. knowlesi-associated gram-negative septic shock |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 71 | 65 | 51 | 50 | 49 | 36 |
Sex | Male | Male | Male | Male | Female | Female |
Time to death, hours | 1 | 75 | 16 | 56 | 63 | 84 |
Blood pressure, mmHg | 75/49 | 117/73 | 70/40 | 83/51 | 112/51 | 131/87 |
Heart rate per minute | 127 | 58 | 110 | 89 | 113 | 110 |
Oxygen saturation on room air, % | 75 | 92 | 90 | 60 | 88 | 85 |
PaO2:FiO2 ratio | NA | NA | 66 | 115 | 91 | NA |
Axillary temperature, °C | 39.4 | 36.8 | 37.6 | 37.5 | 36.7 | 37.8 |
Haemoglobin, g/dL (females 12.0-16.0, males 13.5-17.5) | 14.9 | 14.6 | 9.4 | 10.9 | 12.6 | 11.1 |
WBC count, x 103 cells/μL (4.5-11) | 10.8 | 4.8 | 6.8 | 7.81 | 12.1 | 7.8 |
Platelet count, x 103 cells/μL (150-450) | 88 | 58 | 8 | 3 | 32 | 53 |
Serum creatinine, μmol/L (63-133) | 1451 | NA | 578 | 330 | 283 | NA |
Serum urea, mmol/L (1.0–8.3) | 81.5 | 6.1 | 44 | 38.5 | 25 | 10.8 |
Total serum bilirubin, μmol/L (<17) | NA | NA | 146 | 74 | 25 | NA |
Serum aspartate aminotransferase, U/L (<37) | 42 | NA | 53 | NA | 39 | NA |
Serum alanine aminotransferase concentration, U/L (<40) | NA | NA | 28 | 49 | 20 | NA |
Serum albumin, g/L (35-60) | NA | NA | 23 | 19 | 28 | NA |
Serum bicarbonate, mmol/L (18-23) | NA | NA | 14 | 16.2 | 14 | 6.5 |
Serum lactate mmol/L (0.5-2.2) | NA | NA | 6.4 | 6.8 | NA | NA |
Blood cultures | negative | Not done | negative | negative | Not done | Enterobacter cloacae |
Initial microscopic diagnosis | P. falciparum”3+” P. malariae “4+” | P. malariae “3+” | P. malariae “4+” | P. vivax “4+” | P. malariae “4+” | P. malariae “1+” |
PCR result* | P. knowlesi | P. knowlesi | P. knowlesi | P. knowlesi | P. knowlesi | P. knowlesi |
Initial therapy received | IV quinine/oral chloroquine, primaquine and doxycycline | Oral chloroquine | IV artesunate | Oral chloroquine and primaquine | Oral chloroquine and primaquine | Oral sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine and primaquine |