Evaluating the lethal and pre-lethal effects of a range of fungi against adult Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes

Malaria Journal

Table 3 Effects of a range of fungal isolates on the blood-feeding propensity of adult Anopheles stephensi

Fungal isolate number	F statistic^a (Significance level)	Overall percent feeding decline^b (± 1 SEM)	Maximum percent feeding decline (± 1 SEM)	Percent biting risk at day 14^c (difference to controls)
*Beauveria* spp.
Bb01	20.9 (P = 0.004)	7.54 (±2.21)	17.8 (±6.51)	0 (−)*
Bb02	29.2 (P = 0.002)	6.89 (±1.71)	18.9 (±9.89)	0.6 (−11.5)
Bb03	294.3 (P < 0.001)	16.9 (±3.78)	48.8 (±18.7)	0 (−)*
Bb04	107.3 (P < 0.001)	11.2 (±4.01)	35.8 (±15.5)	0 (−)^§
Bb05	29.4 (P = 0.002)	14.9 (±2.32)	38.3 (±13.5)	0 (−)^§
Bb06	0.26 (P = 0.63)	13.3 (±2.77)	19.3 (±6.50)	10.7 (−31.9)
Bb07	6.26 (P = 0.046)	9.25 (±3.31)	42.8 (±23.7)	0 (−)^§
*Metarhizium* spp.
Ma01	7.85 (P = 0.031)	7.54 (±4.3)	13.8 (±1.56)	23.1 (−5.12)
Ma02	2.18 (P = 0.19)	4.73 (±3.34)	19.1 (±9.17)	3.30 (−5.61)
Ma03	4.79 (P = 0.071)	3.98 (±1.70)	18.7 (±4.70)	3.63 (−5.28)
Ma04	1.09 (P = 0.34)	2.44 (±1.82)	11.9 (±4.76)	2.96 (−5.94)
Ma05	20.1 (P = 0.005)	10.4 (±2.06)	21.9 (±12.3)	7.06 (−55.3)
Ma06	78.4 (P < 0.001)	12.6 (±1.13)	41.8 (±7.12)	1.02 (−61.3)
Ma07	333.7 (P < 0.001)	10.0 (±1.69)	29.8 (±1.61)	2.52 (−44.3)
Ma08	3.92 (P = 0.095)	6.25 (±3.74)	8.31 (±3.81)	7.39 (−44.3)
Ma09	1.67 (P = 0.24)	1.98 (±1.87)	10.0 (±4.37)	7.56 (−35.1)
*Isaria farinosus*
If01	2.16 (P = 0.19)	2.41 (±1.66)	9.96 (±3.44)	52.9 (−9.46)

Included are the main effects of treatment and their significance from the repeated measures ANOVA; the decline in feeding propensity averaged across the study period (±1 standard error around the mean decline in feeding propensity across replicates); the maximum feeding decline on any one day and the biting risk at day 14 (±1 standard error of the mean biting risk across replicates) around the mean mortality across the replicate cages). For both the latter measures the standard error around the mean. For further details see main text.
^a Generated from repeated measures ANOVA (see main text). All assays were comparisons of one isolate and the control with each replicated four times.
^b Calculated as the average proportion not feeding across the whole experiment until mortality had reached 80%, or if this level was not been reached, then across the whole 14 days.
^c Calculated as the product of the proportion of mosquitoes surviving at day 14 and the proportion responding to the feeding stimulant.
* Biting risk was zero because all mosquitoes had died in the fungal treatment.
§ Biting risk was zero because none of the remaining fungal exposed mosquitoes responded to the feeding stimulant.

ISSN: 1475-2875