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Table 4 Cytokine mean (standard deviation) expression ratio in placenta and maternal peripheral blood according to plasmodial species

From: Submicroscopic infection of placenta by Plasmodium produces Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance, inflammation and hypoxia in women from north-west Colombia

Cytokine

 

Placental tissue

Maternal peripheral blood

 

Groupa

Mean (S.D.)

P*

Mean (S.D.)

P*

IL2

PM-

0.95 (0.28)

 

1.18 (0.50)

 
 

PM + Pf

1.08 (0.43)

 

3.51 (1.20)

 
 

PM + Pv

0.95 (0.42)

 

3.92 (1.12)

 
 

PM + mixed

0.67 (0.29)

0.332

3.78 (0.70)

0.000

IFNγ

PM-

0.46 (0.37)

 

1.08 (0.72)

 
 

PM + Pf

9.00 (0.92)

 

6.06 (2.83)

 
 

PM + Pv

8.59 (0.57)

 

7.60 (0.78)

 
 

PM + mixed

9.33 (0.31)

0.000

6.85 (0.74)

0.000

TNF

PM-

0.83 (0.45)

 

0.76 (0.46)

 
 

PM + Pf

6.23 (0.91)

 

1.47 (0.43)

 
 

PM + Pv

6.05 (0.41)

 

1.48 (0.21)

 
 

PM + mixed

6.00 (0.00)

0.000

1.93 (0.46)

0.000

IL4

PM-

1.05 (0.62)

 

1.41 (0.50)

 
 

PM + Pf

1.56 (0.43)

 

1.64 (0.30)

 
 

PM + Pv

1.48 (0.21)

 

1.63 (0.49)

 
 

PM + mixed

1.96 (0.41)

0.024

1.52 (0.28)

0.634

IL10

PM-

0.18 (0.18)

 

0.65 (0.50)

 
 

PM + Pf

3.33 (1.04)

 

2.23 (0.54)

 
 

PM + Pv

3.57 (0.69)

 

2.93 (0.69)

 
 

PM + mixed

4.08 (0.61)

0.000

2.68 (0.58)

0.000

  1. aPM- without placental malaria (n = 25); PM + Pf with placental infection by P. falciparum (n = 16); PM + Pv with placental infection by P. vivax (n = 6); PM + mixed with placental by both species (n = 3).
  2. *(Kruskal-Wallis).