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Table 3 Histopathology based placental malaria infections compared to standard microscopy and other tests

From: Placental infections with histologically confirmed Plasmodium falciparum are associated with adverse birth outcomes in India: a cross-sectional study

 

Histopathology

 

Infected*

Acute

Chronic

Past

Non-infected

Tests

n/N

n = 38

n = 20

n = 18

n = 14

n = 454

Any species

      

Any smear/RDT+, n (%)

47/505a

27/38 (71.1)

20/20 (100)

7/18 (38.9)

3/14 (21.4)

17/453 (3.7)

Peripheral microscopy+, n (%)

39/504b

25/38 (65.8)

20/20 (100)

5/18 (27.8)

2/14 (14.3)

12/453 (2.6)

Placenta impression smear+, n (%)

22/505c

17/38 (44.7)

14/20 (70.0)

3/18 (16.7)

1/14 (7.1)

4/453 (0.9)

Placental incision smear+, n (%)

32/504d

23/37 (62.1)

18/20 (90.0)

5/17 (29.4)

2/14 (14.3)

7/453 (1.5)

RDT+, n (%)

29/506

20/38 (52.6)

17/20 (85.0)

3/18 (16.7)

1/14 (7.1)

8/454 (1.7)

No infection smear/RDT, n (%)

458/505

11/38 (28.9)

0/20 (0)

11/18 (61.1)

11/14 (78.6)

436/453 (96.2)

PCR+, n (%)

62/110e

32/38 (84.2)

19/20 (95.0)

13/18 (72.2)

6/14 (54.5)

24/62 (38.7)

P. falciparum

      

Any smear/RDT+, n (%)

24/505‡

21/38 (55.3)

14/20 (70.0)

7/18 (38.9)

0

3/453 (0.6)

Peripheral microscopy, n (%)

28/505

25/38 (65.8)

20/20 (100)

5/18 (17.9)

0

3/453 (0.7)

Placental impression smear, n (%)

19/505

17/38 (44.7)

14/20 (70.0)

3/18 (15.8)

0

2/453 (0.4)

Placental incision smear, n (%)

26/504

23/37 (60.5)

18/20 (90.0)

5/18 (19.2)

0

3/453 (0.7)

RDT+, n (%)

12/506

11/38 (28.9)

9/20 (45.0)

2/18 (11.1)

0

1/454 (0.2)

PCR+, n (%)

45/110f

30/38 (78.9)

18/20 (90.0)

12/18 (66.6)

3/11 (21.4)

12/62 (19.4

P. vivax

      

Any smear/RDT+, n (%)

14/505‡

0

0

0

3/14 (21.4)

11/453 (2.4)

Peripheral microscopy, n (%)

11/505

0

0

0

2/14 (14.3)

9/453 (2.0)

Placental impression smear, n (%)

3/504

0

0

0

1/14 (7.1)

2/453 (0.4)

Placental incision smear, n (%)

6/505

0

0

0

2/14 (14.3)

4/453 (0.9)

RDT+, n (%)

8/506

 

2/20 (10.0)

1/18 (5.5)

1/14 (7.1)

4/454 (0.8)

PCR+, n (%)

10/110f

0

0

0

3/14 (21.4)

7/62 (11.3)

Mixed infection (Pf + Pv)

      

RDT mixed +, n (%)

9/506

6/38 (15.8)

6/20 (30.0)

0

0

3/454 (0.7)

PCR mixed +, n (%)

7/110

2/38 (5.3)

1/20 (5.0)

1/18 (5.6)

0

5/62 (8.1)

  1. aOut of 50 any smear/RDT positives, 3 samples were missing and were not included in the analysis; *acute + chronic infections ‡excludes mixed RDT infections bAmong 39 positive peripheral smears, 11 were incision negative, and 20 were impression negative. cAmong 22 positive impression smears, 3 were peripheral smear negative; dAmong 32 positive incision smears, 4 were peripheral smear negative; ePCR was performed for species confirmation on a sub-set of 115 samples corresponding to histology positive samples and a similar number of negative samples chosen for quality assurance matched by gravidity and study sites; fIncludes mixed species; there were no mixed species infection detected on smear microscopy. Abbreviations: Plac. = placental.
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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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