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Figure 2 | Malaria Journal

Figure 2

From: Distinct patterns of diversity, population structure and evolution in the AMA1 genes of sympatric Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax populations of Papua New Guinea from an area of similarly high transmission

Figure 2

Linkage disequilibrium in AMA1 genes of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax populations in Papua New Guinea. The indices of linkage disequilibrium (LD), r2 (i and ii) and D’ (iii and iv) were calculated for all AMA1 polymorphisms with a MAF ≥0.10 for (A) Wosera and (B) Madang populations. SNP position is shown on the Y axis and black squares represent self comparisons. Numbering is relative to the Pfama1 3D7 reference sequence (GenBank accession no: XM_001347979.1) and the Pvama1 Sal-1 reference sequence (GenBank accession no: AF063138), respectively. Coloured squares above the black diagonal represent values obtained for each pair of sites following r2 or D' calculations. Below the black diagonal line on each heat map, coloured squares reflect the significance value (p). An asterisk denotes tri-allelic SNPs that were split into two so that the major allele was analysed separately with each of the minor alleles. For interpretation, see the scale to the right of diagrams.

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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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