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Figure 3 | Malaria Journal

Figure 3

From: Distinct patterns of diversity, population structure and evolution in the AMA1 genes of sympatric Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax populations of Papua New Guinea from an area of similarly high transmission

Figure 3

Three-dimensional structural model of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax AMA1 polymorphisms. A) Solvent-accessible surface representation of the ‘active face’ of the Pf AMA1 and Pv AMA1 three-dimensional (3D) models. Polymorphic residues are colored according to location: DI in cyan, DII in magenta, DIII in orange. Hydrophobic ligand binding cleft residues are shown in dark blue. Residues labeled with bold, underlined type are polymorphic in both P. falciparum and P. vivax. Residues of potential immunological relevance with a MAF ≥0.10 are indicated with an asterisk. B) Solvent-accessible surface representation of the ‘silent face’ of the Pf AMA1 and Pv AMA1 models. The hydrophobic cleft and polymorphic residues are shown, with coloring and labeling as described for panel A. C) Solvent-accessible surface representation of the Pf AMA1 and Pv AMA1 models showing a top-view of the hydrophobic binding cleft. Hydrophobic cleft and polymorphic residues are shown, with coloring and labeling as described for panel A. Note that for Pf AMA1, hydrophobic cleft residues M224 and M190 are polymorphic and colored cyan (not dark blue) as they are in DI.

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