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Table 1 Demographic, socioeconomic and household variables associated with clinical malaria in The Gambia

From: A comparative case control study of the determinants of clinical malaria in The Gambia

Variable*

Case n(%)

Control n(%)

Crude OR (95% CI)

P

Adjusted OR (95% CI, n = 294)

P

Age group (n = 298)

≤ 5 years

43 (29.1)

48 (32.0)

1

 

1

 

> 5 years

105 (70.9)

102 (68.0)

1.67 (0.40-6.97)

0.484

0.74 (0.06-8.51)

0.811

Level of mother’s education (n = 298)

No formal

87 (58.4)

87 (58.4)

1

   

Quran

16 (10.7)

9 (6.0)

1.87 (0.68-5.15)

0.22

  

Primary

12 (8.1)

15 (10.1)

0.84 (0.38-1.83)

0.66

  

Post primary

34 (22.8)

38 (25.5)

0.89 (0.49-1.62)

0.71

  

Mother’s occupation

House wife

83 (55.3)

91 (60.7)

1

 

1

 

Farmer

23 (15.3)

7 (4.7)

5.47 (1.72-17.36)

0.004

2.91 (0.57-14.77)

0.281

Trader

6 (4.0)

40 (26.7)

0.22 (0.09-0.54)

0.001

0.18 (0.04-0.73)

0.017

Civil Servant

7 (4.7)

3(2.0)

2.57 (0.62-10.76)

0.195

6.74 (0.08-43.83)

0.394

Others

31 (20.7)

9 (6.0)

5.58 (1.79-17.36)

0.003

5.95 (0.61-57.77)

0.124

Father’s occupation

Seasonal worker

89 (59.3)

8 (5.3)

1

   

Farmer

15 (10.0)

11 (7.3)

0.40 (0.13-1.21)

0.104

0.19 (0.04-0.91)

0.038

Trader

3 (2.0)

29 (19.3)

0.01 (0.001--0.06)

<0.001

0.02 (0.002-0.193)

0.001

Civil Servant

10 (6.7)

31 (20.7)

0.02 (0.01-0.10)

<0.001

0.04 (0.008-0.257)

0.001

Handyman

33 (22.0)

71 (47.4)

0.04 (0.01-0.13)

<0.001

0.03 (0.005-0.182)

<0.001

Source of funds for illness

Father

100 (66.67)

61 (40.67)

1

 

1

 

Mother

15 (10.0)

21 (14.0)

0.45 (0.21-0.99)

0.05

0.29 (0.06-1.37)

0.118

Others

19 (12.67)

26 (17.33)

0.33 (0.15-0.73)

0.01

0.24 (0.05-1.41)

0.072

Both parents

16 (10.67)

42 (28.0)

0.18 (0.09-0.39)

<0.001

0.05 (0.008-0.319)

0.001

Type of floor

earth

7 (4.67)

12 (8)

1

   

tile

44 (29.33)

39 (26.0)

1.96 (0.68-5.59)

0.21

  

cement

99 (66)

99 (66)

1.75 (0.63-4.85)

0.28

  

Type of window (n = 299)

Boarded windows

70 (46.67)

27 (18.12)

1

   

windows with panes

80 (53.33)

122 (81.88)

0.27 (0.16-0.47)

<0.001

0.24 (0.07-0.82)

0.022

Number of bed rooms

single

19 (12.7)

14 (9.3)

1

   

2-4 rooms

108 (72.0)

126 (84.0)

0.69 (0.32-1.48)

0.339

  

over 4

23 (15.3)

10 (6.7)

1.80 (0.59- 5.53)

0.301

  

Wall type

Mud

53 (35.3)

46 (30.7)

1

   

Cement

97 (64.7)

104 (69.3)

0.78 (0.46-1.32)

0.355

  

LLIN in sleeping room (n = 266)

No

33 (24.44)

17 (12.98)

1

   

Yes

102 (75.56)

114 (87.02)

0.39 (0.18-0.85)

0.02

  

Slept under LLIN last night (n = 269)

No

45 (34.09)

33 (24.09)

1

   
 

Yes

87 (65.91)

104 (75.91)

0.55 (0.29-1.01)

0.06

  
  1. *Unless specified, n = 300 observations.