Figure 4From: A morphometric and histological study of placental malaria shows significant changes to villous architecture in both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infectionBoxplot graph comparing villous area between clinical groups of controls and cases derived from different fixative methods or geographical origin. A boxplot showing the distribution of villous area in sq μm between groups including UK controls, UPS cases (Thai/Karen cases fixed with formalin, divided into control non-malaria infected and malaria -infected UPS cases), PCA cases (Thai/Karen cases fixed with Streck fixative), and active placental malaria cases (Thai/Karen cases also fixed with formalin). UK controls showed significantly higher villous area than other groups (p <0.0004). PCA cases showed a non-significantly higher villous area than UPS controls fixed in formalin (p <0.0842). Active placental malaria cases showed significantly lower villous areas than all other groups *. Box and whisker plots for this and subsequent figures include; line = median, upper and lower bar = 25 and 75th centiles, respectively, with shaded box covering interquartile range; whiskers cover maximum and minimum values.Back to article page