Table 2 Urine analysis of malaria patients and healthy controls

n

11

8

10

10

14

Specific gravity D0

1.017 ± 0.0^{a, b}

1.017 ± 0.0^a

1.021 ± 0.0^a

1.021 ± 0.0^a

1.010 ± 0.0

Specific gravity D7

1.021 ± 0.0^a

1.015 ± 0.0^b

1.022 ± 0.0^a

1.021 ± 0.0^a

1.010 ± 0.0

pH D0

6.8 ± 0.3^b

6.1 ± 0.2^b

5.6 ± 0.3^{a, b}

5.0 ± 0.0^a

6.6 ± 0.2

pH D7

5.6 ± 0.2^{a, b, c}

6.0 ± 0.3

6.2 ± 0.1

6.2 ± 0.1^c

6.3 ± 0.2

Urine protein D0

27.3 ± 9.8^{a, b}

43.8 ± 12.3^{a, b}

62.0 ± 17^a

160.0 ± 56.7^a

0 ± 0.0

Urine protein D7

4.5 ± 3.0

3.1 ± 3.1^c

0 ± 0.0^c

6.0 ± 4.0^c

0 ± 0.0

RBC in Urine D0

0.7 ± 0.3^{a, b}

0.5 ± 0.3^{a, b}

3.4 ± 1.1^a

11.8 ± 6.4^a

0 ± 0.0

RBC in Urine D7

0.1 ± 0.1^b

0 ± 0.0^b

0 ± 0.0^{b, c}

6.4 ± 3.9^a

0 ± 0.0

WBC in Urine D0

0.8 ± 0.3^b

1.6 ± 0.5^b

1.6 ± 0.2^{a, b}

2.4 ± 0.2^a

1.0 ± 0.0

WBC in Urine D7

1.1 ± 0.1^b

1.0 ± 0.0^b

2.4 ± 0.2^{a, b, c}

3.8 ± 0.3^{a, c}

1.3 ± 0.2

Epithelium D0

1.1 ± 0.1^b

1.6 ± 0.3^b

1.6 ± 0.4^b

5.0 ± 1.0^a

1.1 ± 0.1

Epithelium D7

1.1 ± 0.1^b

1.0 ± 0.0^b

3.0 ± 0.6^{a, b, c}

10.6 ± 1.3^{a, c}

1.2 ± 0.2