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Table 3 Predictors of in-hospital mortality among paediatric patients hospitalised for malaria in Zomba, Malawi, 2002–2003

From: Patterns of malaria-related hospital admissions and mortality among Malawian children: an example of spatial modelling of hospital register data

Risk factor

 

% died (Admissions)

Bivariate model

Multiple spatial model‡

   

UOR†

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

Age

< 1 year

8.5 (1,189)

1.02

(0.88, 1.18)

1.04

(0.84, 1.28)

 

1–4 years

6.2 (2,136)

0.78

(0.68, 0.89)

0.84

(0.74, 0.98)

 

5–14 years

10.6 (644)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Sex

Female child

7.7 (1,683)

1.01

(0.92, 1.12)

  
 

Male

7.6 (2,286)

1.00

   

Day

Weekend

7.5 (2,418)

1.01

(0.90, 1.11)

  
 

Weekday

7.5 (1,492)

1.00

   

Season

Wet

6.6 (2,262)

0.88

(0.79, 0.99)

0.79

(0.63, 0.88)

 

Dry

8.6 (1,128)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Distance

≥ 5 kms

7.4 (1,938)

0.95

(0.84, 1.03)

0.78

(0.66, 0.94)

 

> 5 kms

8.8 (1,999)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Referral

Yes

8.8 (1,895)

1.18

(1.08, 1.35)

2.95

(2.30, 3.75)

 

No

6.1 (1,494)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Length of stay

1 day

23.7 (891)

3.71

(2.24, 6.14)

2.56

(1.54, 4.20)

 

2 days

2.6 (1,001)

0.32

(0.17, 0.59)

0.24

(0.14, 0.45)

 

3 days

2.9 (860)

0.36

(0.19, 0.67)

0.31

(0.17, 0.55)

 

4–6 days

2.2 (984)

0.27

(0.14, 0.52)

0.24

(0.13, 0.44)

 

7–20 days

7.7 (233)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Treatment

other drugs

7.5 (240)

1.00

   
 

quinine

7.6 (3,629)

0.98

(0.60, 1.61)

  

Heterogeneity term ‡

      

Unstructured effect

Ï„ u 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8akY=wiFfYdH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqai=hGuQ8kuc9pgc9s8qqaq=dirpe0xb9q8qiLsFr0=vr0=vr0dc8meaabaqaciaacaGaaeqabaqabeGadaaakeaaiiGacqWFepaDdaqhaaWcbaGaemyDauhabaGaeGOmaidaaaaa@310A@

   

2.04

(0.001, 8.75)

Structured effect

Ï„ s 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8akY=wiFfYdH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqai=hGuQ8kuc9pgc9s8qqaq=dirpe0xb9q8qiLsFr0=vr0=vr0dc8meaabaqaciaacaGaaeqabaqabeGadaaakeaaiiGacqWFepaDdaqhaaWcbaGaem4CamhabaGaeGOmaidaaaaa@3106@

   

23.74

(0.02, 78.68)

  1. †UOR-unadjusted odds ratios, AOR-adjusted odds ratios, CI-confidence intervals
  2. ‡Based on multiple logistic spatial model: Equation 2