Table 1 Summary of field isolate studies of clumping and malaria severity.
Study | Site | Haematocrit | Parasitaemia | Time (min) | Significant association of clumping with: |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pain et al 2001 [6] | Kenya | 5% | variable | 15, 30, 60, 120 | Severe malaria (impaired consciousness, respiratory distress, Hb < 5 g/dl) |
Chotivanich et al 2004 [7] | Thailand | 1% | variable | 15 | Cerebral malaria and parasitaemia but not other forms of severe malaria (mostly multi-organ failure) |
Arman et al 2007 [8] | Mali | 2% | variable | 30 | Parasitaemia but not severe disease |
Wassmer et al 2008 [10] | Malawi | 5% | Adjusted to 10% | 15, 30, 60, 120 | Cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia |