Table 1 Benefit/cost ratio (BCR) documented in the literature for eradication and control programmes.
From: Malaria eradication: the economic, financial and institutional challenge
Source | Country | Focus of study | Design | BCR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sudan | Control programme | No information | 4.6 | |
Cohn (1973) [19] | India | Anti-malarial programmes | Comparison of expenditure on control and eradication phases | NA |
Griffith et al. (1971) [47] | Thailand | Chemopro-phylaxis | Comparison of benefits in terms of increased tungsten ore production and costs of chemoprophylaxis | 6.5 |
Khan (1966) [48] | Pakistan | Cost of malaria | Estimated direct and indirect costs of malaria compared to cost of eradication programme | 4.9 |
Livanadas and Athanassatos (1963) [49] | Greece | Eradication | Likely benefits due to morbidity and mortality avoided and, hence, improved agricultural output and economic performance and treatment costs avoided compared to eradication costs | 17.3 |
Mills (1993) [16] | Nepal | Eradication | Retrospective analysis comparing costs of control with likely gains from economic development | Not calculated |
Mills and Shillcutt (2004) [6] | Sub-Saharan Africa | Intensified control | Estimates of macro-economic benefits from (1) Gallup and Sachs and (2) McCarthy et al compared to control costs | 4.7 (1) 1.9 (2) |
Mills and Shillcutt (2004) [6] | Sub-Saharan Africa | Intensified control through package of interventions | Micro-economic analysis based on CEA evidence; costs compared to benefits estimated by valuing averted DALYs | 17.1 |
Najera et al*(1993) [50] | Sri Lanka | Eradication | Macro-economic model of economy, tracing impact of control of malaria | 146 |
Niazi (1969) [51] | Iraq | Eradication | Estimated direct and indirect costs of malaria compared to cost of eradication programme | 6 |
Ortiz (1968) [52] | Paraguay | Eradication | Cost of eradication compared to estimated agricultural productivity gains | 2.5–3.6 |
Ramaiah (1980) [53] | India | Control programme | Actual expenditure on control and eradication compared with likely economic benefits (reduction in direct and indirect costs) | 2.4 |
Ruberu (1977) [20] | Sri Lanka | Intensive control aimed at eradication versus long-term control | Likely costs of eradication compared to direct and indirect costs of malaria | NA |