Table 1 Study characteristics of sites included in the analyses

Angola

Luanda

No marked

[§]

Jan to Dec 01

All-severe malaria

Cameroon

Ebolakounou

Marked

[31]

Apr 97 to Mar 98

Clinical malaria

Simbok

Marked

[19]

Dec 98 to Nov 99

EIR

Cote d'Ivoire

Alloukoukro

Marked

[18]

Jan to Dec 91, Jan to Dec 92

EIR

[18]

Gabon

Akou

No marked

[25]

Jul 93 to Jun 94, Jul 94 to Jun 95

EIR

[25]

Benguia

No marked

[25]

Aug 93 to Jul 94, Aug 94 to Jul 95, May 98 to Apr 99

EIR

Marked

[25]

No marked

[25]

Dienga

Marked

[26]

May 95 to Apr 96

EIR

Lambarene

No marked

[*]

Apr 03 to Mar 05

Clinical malaria

No marked

[43]

Jan 01 to Dec 04

All-severe malaria

Libreville

No marked

[43]

Feb 01 to Jan 05

All-severe malaria

Gambia, The

Banjul

Marked

[49]

Jan to Dec 91

All-severe malaria

Marked

[#]

Jan 97 to Dec 01

All-severe malaria

Marked

[43]

Apr 02 to Mar 05

All-severe malaria

Ghana

Kumasi

Borderline

[43]

Feb 01 to Jan 05

All-severe malaria

Navrongo

Marked

[32]

Oct 00 to Sep 03

Clinical malaria

Kenya

Asembo Bay

No marked

[27]

Jan 03 to Dec 05

Clinical malaria

Kilifi

No marked

[45]

Jan to Dec 91

All-severe malaria

No marked

[43]

Jul 01 to Jun 05

All-severe malaria

Kilifi District (9 villages)

Marked

[21]

Jun 92 to May 93

EIR

Kisian

Borderline

[22]

Jan to Dec 86

EIR

Saradidi

No marked

[22]

Jan to Dec 86

EIR

Mali

Kalanampala

Marked

[39]

Jan to Dec 97

Clinical malaria

Tenegue

Marked

[39]

Jan to Dec 98

Clinical malaria

Malawi

Blantyre

Borderline

[43]

Apr 01 to Mar 05

All-severe malaria

Mozambique

Manhica

No marked

[2]

Jan 97 to Dec 97

Clinical malaria

Borderline

[2]

Jan 98 to Dec 98

Clinical malaria

No marked

[33]

Oct 02 to Sep 03

Clinical malaria

Maputo

Marked

[42]

May 95 to Apr 97

All-severe malaria

Matola/Maputo

No marked

[20]

Jan to Dec 95

EIR

Nigeria

Maiduguri

Marked

[47]

Jan 95 to Dec 96

All-severe malaria

PNG

Madang

No marked

[30]

Sep 90 to Aug 91

Clinical malaria

Senegal

Dakar

No marked

[45]

Oct 91 to Sep 92

All-severe malaria

Sierra Leone

Bo District

Marked

[23]

Jan to Dec 90

EIR

Eastern Sudan

No marked

[38]

Jan to Dec 97

Clinical malaria

Tanzania

Bagamoyo

Marked

[24]

Jan to Dec 90

EIR

Huruma

Marked

[44]

Feb 02 to Jan 03

All-severe malaria

Idete

No marked

[34, 35, 68]

Aug 93 to Jul 94

Clinical malaria

Ifakara

No marked

[29]

Aug 99 to Jul 01

Clinical malaria

Borderline

[28]

Jul 00 to Jun 01

Clinical malaria

No marked

[41]

Jan to Dec 1995/2000

All-severe malaria

Kibosho

No marked

[44]

Feb 02 to Jan 03

All-severe malaria

Mnero

No marked

[44]

Jan 79 to Dec 81

All-severe malaria

Moshi

No marked

[44]

Feb 02 to Jan 03

All-severe malaria

Same

Borderline

[44]

Feb 02 to Jan 03

All-severe malaria

Teule

No marked

[44]

Feb 02 to Jan 03

All-severe malaria

Uganda

Kampala

No marked

[37]

Nov 04 to Oct 05

Clinical malaria

Vanuatu

No marked

[40]

Jan 87 to Dec 90

Clinical malaria

Zambia

Macha

Marked

[**]

Jan 03 to Dec 04

All-severe malaria