From: Fatal cardiotoxicity related to halofantrine: a review based on a worldwide safety data base
patient agea (year) | Median: 27; range: 2 - 53 |
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sexb | male: n = 9 (27%); female: n = 24 (70%) |
geographic origin of patients | developing world, n = 25; developed world, n = 10 |
type of report |    • spontaneous n = 34 |
 |    • clinical trial n = 0 |
(GSK data base only) |    • post marketing survey n = 0 |
source of report | health care professional n = 35 |
time from first dose to death (day) | median: 1; range: 0 3 |
 |    • same day as first dose: n = 13 (37%) |
 |    • 1 day after first dose: n = 13 (37%) |
 |    • 2 days after first dose: n = 2 (6%) |
 |    • 3 days after first dose: n = 3 (8%) |
 |    • unknown: n = 4 (11%) |
number of patients receiving 1 or 2 courses of halofantrive and number of doses taken by patientsc |    • first course of halofantrine: n = 23 |
 | ◦ 1 dose: n = 1 (3%) |
 | ◦ 2 doses: n = 9 (26%) |
 | ◦ 3 doses: n = 10 (28%) |
 | ◦ other including pediatric formulation: n = 3 |
 |    • second course of halofantrine: n = 6 |
 | ◦ 5 or 6 doses: n = 5 (14%) |
 | ◦ 8 doses: n = 1 (3%) |
malaria diagnosis and malaria |    • no diagnostic test performed: n = 8 |
speciesd |    • blood smear negative: n = 7 |
 |    • P. falciparum: n = 8 |
 |    • P. vivax: n = 1 |
 |    • Plasmodium sp: n = 4 |
concomitant drugs with possible cardiac effect | n = 20 (57%) |
 |    • anti-malarial: chloroquine: n = 7; mefloquine: n = 4; amodiaquine: n = 1; |
 |    • antibiotics: cyclines, n = 2; metronidazole, n = 1; ciprofloxacine, n = 1; norfloxacine, n = 1 |
 |    • drugs leading to electrolyte imbalance: diuretics, n = 2; potassium, n = 1 |
underlying medical condition | n = 14 (40%) |
 |    • cardiovascular disease, n = 11 |
 |    • obesity, n = 1 |
 |    • epilepsy, n = 1 |
 |    • severe anaemia, n = 1 |