Population pharmacokinetics of artesunate and dihydroartemisinin following single- and multiple-dosing of oral artesunate in healthy subjects

Table 2 A summary of the results obtained from the final model and the bootstrap analysis.

Parameter	Estimate	%RSE	Bootstrap estimate (95% CI)
CL/F (L/h)	1190	4.20	1176 (1060 -- 1280)
V2/F (L)	1210	5.77	1199 (1020 -- 1370)
Ka (h^-1)	3.85	3.61	4.16 (2.66 -- 6.67)
CLM/F (L/h)	93.7	3.30	92.6 (86.5 -- 99.1)
V3/F (L)	97.1	4.85	96.5 (86.7 -- 107)
Q/F (L/h)	5.74	12.8	5.69 (3.72 -- 7.53)
V4/F (L)	18.5	10.6	18.7 (14.1 -- 23.2)
θ_FOOD-Ka	-0.84	2.32	-0.836 (-0.915 -- -0.733)
θ_WT-CLM/F	1.90	16.3	1.78 (0.993 -- 2.58)
IIV (Variances and % CV)
IIV-CL/F	0.131 (36.2)	17.8	0.130 (0.0824 -- 0.176)
IIV-V2/F	0.330 (57.4)	20.9	0.347 (0.201 -- 0.497)
IIV-Ka	1.26 (112)	15.4	1.32 (0.751 -- 2.00)
IIV-CLM/F	0.0786 (28.0)	22.5	0.0740 (0.0411 -- 0.118)
IIV-V3/F	0.0901 (30.0)	36.0	0.0776 (0.0001 -- 0.151)
RV (%CV)
AS	37.5	9.73	37.5 (31.0 -- 45.2)
DHA	28.2	11.2	27.7 (21.6 -- 34.8)

RSE, relative standard error; CL/F, apparent clearance for AS; F, unknown bioavailability; V2/F, apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment for AS; Ka, absorption rate constant for AS, CLM/F, apparent clearance for DHA from the central compartment; V3/F, apparent central volume of distribution for DHA; Q/F, inter-compartmental clearance for DHA; V4/F, apparent peripheral volume of distribution for DHA; θ_FOOD-Ka, parameter for the covariate food intake on Ka; θ_WT-CLM/F, parameter for the covariate weight on CLM/F; CV, coefficient of variation; IIV, inter-individual variability; RV, residual variability; AS, artesunate; DHA, dihydroartemisinin.

ISSN: 1475-2875