Associations between urbanicity and malaria at local scales in Uganda

Malaria Journal

Table 1 Associations between measures of urbanicity and the household density of mosquitoes stratified by study site

Urbanicity metric	Exposure categories	Walukuba			Kihihi			Nagongera
Urbanicity metric	Exposure categories	HDM (nights of collection)^a	IRR^b (95 % CI)	P	HDM (nights of collection)^a	IRR^b (95 % CI)	P	HDM (nights of collection)^a	IRR^b (95 % CI)	P
Household density^c	≤80	2.08 (327)	0.30 (0.16–0.59)	<0.001	4.68 (2086)	0.68 (0.28–1.64)	0.39	43.3 (2329)	N/A
Household density^c	>80	0.90 (1857)	0.30 (0.16–0.59)	<0.001	3.58 (166)	0.68 (0.28–1.64)	0.39	None	N/A
NDVI^d	>0.45	1.85 (707)	0.35 (0.21–0.57)	<0.001	4.78 (1704)	0.83 (0.48–1.42)	0.49	41.1 (1660)	1.16 (0.87–1.54)	0.32
NDVI^d	≤0.45	0.71 (1477)	0.35 (0.21–0.57)	<0.001	4.04 (548)	0.83 (0.48–1.42)	0.49	48.7 (669)	1.16 (0.87–1.54)	0.32
Night-time lights	≤3	1.33 (1526)	0.32 (0.19–0.55)	<0.001	4.60 (2252)	N/A		43.3 (2329)	N/A
Night-time lights	>3	0.49 (658)	0.32 (0.19–0.55)	<0.001	None	N/A		None	N/A
Land cover	≤20 %	1.37 (1265)	0.42 (0.26–0.69)	0.001	Not measured			Not measured
Land cover	>20 %	0.68 (919)	0.42 (0.26–0.69)	0.001	Not measured			Not measured
Composite score^e	Low	1.37 (1501)	0.28 (0.17–0.48)	<0.001	4.68 (2086)	0.68 (0.28–1.64)	0.39	43.3 (2329)	N/A
Composite score^e	High	0.44 (683)	0.28 (0.17–0.48)	<0.001	3.58 (166)	0.68 (0.28–1.64)	0.39	None	N/A

^aHousehold density of mosquitoes (number of adult female anophelines caught per nights of collection)
^bIncidence rate ratio
^cNumber of households within 100 m radius from participating household
^dNormalized difference vegetation index
^e1 point for each individual urbanicity metric: Walukuba (low = 0–2, high = 3–4), Kihihi and Nagongera (low = 0–1, high = 2)

ISSN: 1475-2875