Table 5 Documented malaria prevalence (from literature vs MAP database) around some African dams

Unstable Transmission

Manyuchi dam on Mwenzi river of Zimbabwe

0 % malaria before the dam, 28 % prevalence after the dam

22.4 % in <2 km, and 8 % in 5–9 km

[14]

Bamendjin dam in Cameroon

36 and 25 % in communities living <3 km and >14 km, respectively

41 % in <2 km communities and 18 % in 5–9 km

[9]

Kamburu dam on Upper Tana River Basine, Central Kenya

4.5 % in communities <4 km, and 1.8 % in those 11 km away

19 % in <2 km communities and 6.5 % in 5–9 km

[10]

Masinga dam, eastern Kenya

26 % in communities <1 km and 7 % in those living >3 km from the dam

31 % in communities living <3 km and 11 % in those living within 5–9 km

[32]

Gilgel-Gibe dam on Omo river of Ethiopia

PV^a prevalence was 7.7 % in communities within 3 km as compared to 4.4 % in those living >3 km from the dam.

MAP only documents Pf^b prevalence

[13, 33]

Koka dam on Awash river of Ethiopia

9 % in communities <1 km; 0.53 in those 5–9 km away

25 % in <1 km and 4.5 % at 5–9 km

[11, 12, 34]

Mai Nigus, Mai Sessela and Mai Seye dams in Highlands of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

4.17 % in communities <3 km and 3.65 % in >6 km

2.1 % in < 2 km and 0.4 % in 5–9 km

[35, 36]

Stable transmission

Diama dam Senegal River Basin, Senegal

31 % before dam construction and 29 % after dam construction

39 % in <2 km and 24.5 % in 5–9 km

[37]

Foum Glaita on Gorgor river, southeast Mauritania

26 % before construction and 21 % after construction

31 % within 2 km and 27 % within 5–9 km

[17]

Akosombo dam, Ghana

24 % in 2004, 34 % in 2005 and 41 % in 2006—a 10 % increase annually in communities <3 km

39 % in 2010 in communities within 2 km

[15]

Two dams in Middle Senegal River Basin, Northern Senegal

22 and 17 % in communities within 3 km and at 7 km, respectively

11 % in 2 km radius and 18 % in 5–9 km

[16]