Table 4 Associations of socioeconomic, clinical and behavioural responses with anaemia among 530 community survey participants in eastern Afghanistan
Variables | Hb | Anaemic, n (%) | Non-anaemic, n (%) | OR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD (range) | (N = 147) | (N = 383) | |||
Age | |||||
15–20 | 11.4 ± 1.9 (7.3–19.3) | 22 (15.0) | 78 (20.4) | Ref. | Ref. |
21–30 | 11.0 ± 1.7 (6.5–17.5) | 81 (55.1) | 223 (58.2) | 1.29 (0.75–2.20) | 1.35 (0.71–2.57) |
31–45 | 10.7 ± 1.7 (6.5–15.5) | 44 (29.9) | 82 (21.4) | 1.90 (1.05–3.46)* | 1.89 (0.85–4.20) |
Parity | |||||
Nulli/primiparous (0–1 births) | 11.1 ± 1.8 (6.8–17.5) | 35 (23.8) | 103 (27.0) | Ref. | Ref. |
Multiparous (2–5 births) | 10.9 ± 1.7 (6.5–19.3) | 76 (51.7) | 187 (48.8) | 1.20 (0.75–1.90) | 0.99 (0.57–1.72) |
Grand-multiparous (6+ births) | 10.9 ± 1.7 (6.5–14.7) | 36 (24.5) | 93 (24.3) | 1.14 (0.67–1.96) | 0.76 (0.38–1.52) |
Trimester | |||||
1st | 10.9 ± 2.1 (8.0–14.0) | 3 (2.0) | 6 (1.58) | Ref. | Ref. |
2nd | 11.3 ± 1.7 (7.0–17.5) | 57 (38.8) | 188 (49.1) | 0.61 (0.15–2.50) | 0.53 (0.12–2.41) |
3rd | 10.7 ± 1.7 (6.5–19.3) | 87 (59.2) | 189 (49.4) | 0.92 (0.22–3.77) | 0.76 (0.17–3.41) |
Malaria infection | |||||
No | 11.0 ± 1.7 (6.5–19.3) | 147 (100) | 381 (99.5) | – | – |
Yes | 12.5 ± 1.4 (11.5–14) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.5) | – | – |
Iron/folate usage | |||||
No | 10.9 ± 1.7 (6.5–19.3) | 108 (73.5) | 277 (72.3) | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 11.1 ± 1.7 (6.7–15.5) | 39 (26.5) | 106 (27.7) | 0.94 (0.61–1.44) | 1.16 (0.73–1.84) |
Antenatal attendance (at least once) | |||||
No | 11.0 ± 1.4 (6.9–17.5) | 20 (13.6) | 54 (14.1) | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 11.0 ± 1.7 (6.5–19.3) | 127 (86.4) | 329 (85.9) | 1.04 (0.60–1.81) | 1.03 (0.57–1.87) |
Household ITN ownership | |||||
No | 11.0 ± 1.8 (6.5–19.3) | 91 (61.9) | 240 (62.7) | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 11.1 ± 1.7 (6.5–15.5) | 56 (38.1) | 143 (37.3) | 1.03 (0.70–1.53) | 1.74 (0.99–2.90) |
Slept under ITN last night | |||||
No | 11.0 ± 1.4 (6.5–19.3) | 134 (91.2) | 357 (93.2) | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 10.8 ± 1.4 (8.6–14.2) | 13 (8.8) | 26 (6.8) | 1.33 (0.66–2.67) | 1.71 (0.82–3.64) |
Socioeconomic status | |||||
1. Poorest | 10.8 ± 1.9 (6.5–17.5) | 47 (32.0) | 86 (22.5) | Ref. | Ref. |
2. Poor | 10.9 ± 1.8 (6.8–19.3) | 35 (23.8) | 97 (25.3) | 0.66 (0.39–1.12) | 0.72 (0.41–1.26) |
3. Less poor | 10.9 ± 1.7 (6.5–14.3) | 39 (26.5) | 94 (24.5) | 0.76 (0.45–1.27) | 0.95 (0.53–1.71) |
4. Least poor | 11.4 ± 1.6 (7.5–15.5) | 26 (17.7) | 106 (27.7) | 0.45 (0.26–0.78)* | 0.57 (0.29–1.10) |