Table 3 The burden of emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases endemic in Eritrea

Malaria

P. falciparum

An. gambiae,

An. arabiensis,

An. funestus

Countrywide

1.1 % prevalence

ITNs, IRS, LSM

[26–28]

Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis)

Wuchereria bancrofti

An. gambiae,

An. arabiensis,

An. funestus

Countrywide

Very low prevalence

Large-scale distribution of LLINs for vector control

[26, 29]

Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia)

Schistosoma haematobium

Schistosoma mansoni

Bulinus and Biomphalaria spp

Gash-Barka, Debub, Anseba, Maekel

2.5 % prevalence (0–100 %)

Molluscicides

[26, 29]

Dengue

Dengue virus

Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus

Gash Barka, SKB, Southern Red Sea (SRS), Debub, Anseba, and Maekel

88 % positivity rate (sub serotype-1)

Increased surveillance, LSM

[24, 26]

Trachoma

Clostridium Trachomatis

Musica sorbens (Bazaar fly)

Countrywide

–

Environmental improvement

[26]

Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar)

Leishmania donovani

Phlebotomus orientalis

Phlebotomus

Martini and

Phlebotomus celiae

Gash Barka, SKB, Debub, Anseba, and Maekel

–

LLINs in highly endemic communities

[26]