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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the patient population

From: Dysregulation of the haem-haemopexin axis is associated with severe malaria in a case–control study of Ugandan children

 

Combined SM (All children with SMA or CM)

Characteristic

UM (n = 29)

CM (n = 31)

SMA (n = 27)

P value

Survivors (n = 39)

Deaths (n = 19)

P value

Gender (% female)

48.3

58.1

48.1

0.679

48.7

63.2

0.301

Age (years)

3.2 (2.1, 7.4)***

3.1 (1.5, 4.4)##

1.3 (1.0, 2.2)##,***

0.000

1.9 (1.0, 4.0)

2.1 (1.3, 3.4)

0.673

Days reported ill prior

to presentation

3 (2, 4)*

3 (2, 4)##

4 (3, 5)*,##

0.004

3 (3, 4)

3 (2, 5)

0.496

Parasitaemia (parasites/uL)

6.0 × 104 (9.9 ×103, 1.4 × 105)

8.2 × 104 (1.8 × 104, 2.8 × 105)

3.2 × 104 (5.3 × 103, 1.4 × 105)

0.090

3.7 × 104 (6.2 × 103, 1.4 × 105)

1.6 × 105 (1.8 × 104, 4.4 × 105)

0.106

Red blood cell haemoglobin (g/dL)

10.0 (9.2, 11.3)***,$$

7.1 (5.8, 9.3)###,$$

3.8 (3.2, 4.6)###,***

0.000

4.7 (3.5, 7.1)

5.4 (4.6, 8.3)

0.134

Platelet count (x109/L)

162 (104, 258)$$$

67 (43, 128)$$$

126 (86, 180)

0.001

95 (50, 174)

73 (41, 128)

0.230

Weight (kg)

14 (11, 22)***

13 (10, 15)##

10 (7.5, 11)##,***

0.000

10 (8, 14)

11 (10, 13)

0.269

Fatal cases (count)

0

13

6

 

0

19

 
  1. Continuous variables analysed by Mann–Whitney, or Kruskall Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons; categorical variable analysed by Chi square analysis
  2. Median (IQR), uncomplicated malaria (UM), cerebral malaria (CM), severe malarial anaemia (SMA), severe malaria (SM)
  3. Dunn’s multiple comparison tests: UM vs SMA * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001; UM vs CM $$ p < 0.01, $$$ p < 0.001; CM vs SMA # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001