Skip to main content

TableĀ 1 Descriptive statistics for the study sample for perinatally HIV-unexposed and uninfected (HUU) and exposed and uninfected (HEU)

From: Malaria illness mediated by anaemia lessens cognitive development in younger Ugandan children

Characteristic

Perinatally HIV unexposed and uninfected (HUU)

NĀ =Ā 325 at 2Ā years

NĀ =Ā 331 at 3Ā years

Perinatally HIV exposed and uninfected (HEU)

NĀ =Ā 143 at 2Ā years

NĀ =Ā 122 at 3Ā years

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Age at first MSEL neurodevelopmental assessment (years)

2.20 (0.16)

2.17 (0.16)

Age at second MSEL neurodevelopmental assessment (years)

3.02 (0.06)

3.05 (0.14)

Weight-for-age z-score at first assessmenta

āˆ’0.10 (1.09)*

āˆ’0.38 (1.03)

Weight-for-age z-score at second assessmenta

āˆ’1.25 (1.05)

āˆ’1.24 (0.98)

Days of observation prior to randomization

22.13 (15.51)

204.39 (107.27)

Days breastfeeding before 2Ā years of age

634.48 (95.79)***

284.82 (106.76)

Days breastfeeding between 2 and 3Ā years of age

12.92 (31.42)***

0 (0)

Number of malaria episodes before 2Ā years of age

7.38 (4.95)

4.27 (4.21)***

Number of malaria episodes between 2 and 3Ā years

7.93 (3.93)

6.27 (4.19)*

Number of anaemia episodes (HbĀ <Ā 10Ā gm/dL) before 2Ā years

7.10 (5.37)

5.56 (4.97)*

Number of anaemia episodes (HbĀ <Ā 10Ā gm/dL) between 2 and 3Ā years

0.56 (0.76)

0.70 (0.80)

MSEL gross motor (raw score) at 2Ā years

23.5 (3.28)

23.4 (3.16)

MSEL gross motor (raw score) at 3Ā years

27.5 (3.14)

27.3 (3.13)

MSEL visual reception (T score) at 2Ā years

35.0 (9.22)

34.0 (9.65)

MSEL visual reception (T score) at 3Ā years

31.8 (10.06)

29.6 (10.52)

MSEL fine motor (T score) at 2Ā years

33.8 (9.24)

33.5 (9.38)

MSEL fine motor (T score) at 3Ā years

36.5 (7.85)

34.9 (8.68)

MSEL receptive language (T score) at 2Ā years

41.4 (10.4)

40.9 (10.38)

MSEL receptive language (T score) at 3Ā years

42.0 (7.71)**

39.4 (8.45)

MSEL expressive language (T score) at 2Ā years

36.1 (7.91)*

34.5 (7.57)

MSEL expressive language (T score) at 3Ā years

37.4 (10.77)

37.3 (11.43)

MSEL composite cognitive total (standard score) at 2Ā years

75.0 (12.04)

73.6 (12.15)

MSEL composite cognitive total (standard score) at 3Ā years

75.6 (11.94)**

72.0 (10.14)

Sex

N (%)

N (%)

Male

174 (53)

63 (52)

Female

152 (47)

59 (48)

Treatment arm from 6Ā months to 3Ā years of age

N (%)

N (%)

No chemoprevention (placebo)

85 (25)

33 (27)

Monthly sulfadoxineā€“pyrimethamine (SP)

85 (26)

26 (21)

Daily trimethoprimā€“sulfamethoxazole (TS)

80 (24)

29 (24)

Monthly dihydroartemisininā€“piperaquine (DP)

81 (25)

34 (28)

  1. *Ā PĀ <Ā 0.05; **Ā PĀ <Ā 0.01; ***Ā PĀ <Ā 0.001
  2. az scores for this physical growth measure were based on World Health Organization 2013 global norms