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Table 3 Incidence rate and hazard ratios of Plasmodium falciparum episodes according to exposure status

From: Declining malaria transmission in rural Amazon: changing epidemiology and challenges to achieve elimination

 

N episodes

Person-years of follow-up

Rate (episodes/100-PY) (95 % CI)

Univariable IRR (95 % CI)

P value

Multivariable IRR (95 % CI)

P value

Gender

Female

79

802

9.9 (7.9–12.3)

1

 

1

0.249

Male

118

998

11.8 (9.9–14.2)

1.2 (0.9–1.8)

0.175

1.2 (0.9–1.8)

Age (years)

0–10

51

451

11.3 (8.6–14.9)

1

 

1

 

10–20

56

436

12.8 (9.9–16.7)

1.1 (0.6–1.7)

0.847

0.9 (0.6–1.6)

0.833

20–40

49

429

11.4 (8.6–15.1)

1.1 (0.7–1.8)

0.756

1.1 (0.7–1.8)

0.746

40–60

28

328

8.5 (6.0–12.3)

0.8 (0.4–1.4)

0.433

0.8 (0.4–1.5)

0.489

≥60

13

153

8.4 (4.9–14.5)

0.8 (0.4–1.9)

0.648

0.8 (0.4–1.9)

0.621

Socio-economic status

Lowest quintile

76

702

10.9 (8.6–13.5)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

0.592

0.9 (0.7–1.4)

0.821

2nd–4th quintiles

92

707

13.0 (10.6–16.0)

1

 

1

 

Highest quintile

29

320

9.1 (6.3–13.0)

0.8 (0.5–1.4)

0.415

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

0.397

Season

Rainy

56

750

7.5 (5.7–9.7)

1

<0.001

1

<0.001

Dry

141

1049

13.4 (11.4–15.9)

1.7 (1.3–2.3)

1.7 (1.3–2.3)

Use of ITN

No

138

857

16.1 (13.6–19.0)

1

<0.001

1

<0.001

Yes

59

943

6.3 (4.8–8.1)

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

IRS in last 6 months

No

31

530

5.8 (4.1–8.3)

1

0.001

1

<0.001

Yes

166

1200

13.8 (11.9–16.1)

2.1 (1.3–3.4)

1.9 (1.2–3.3)