Fig. 2

Long-term trends in coverage with malaria control interventions, entomological malaria transmission hazard, and prevalence of fever and malaria infection. To allow direct comparison of results from this study from 2010 to 2012, with the previous study from 2004 to 2008 [15, 40], only data from the original 15 city centre wards common to both studies (Fig. 1) were included and summarized by survey round. a Schematic summary of specific intervention introductions; b Stayed in a ward with larvicide application (LA) last night; c Stayed in a house with mosquito-proofed windows, ceilings or eaves; d Used a bed net or long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) the previous night; e Treated with an artemisinin-based therapy, including artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), or with any other anti-malarial, if had a fever in the previous 2 weeks; f Outdoor rates of human exposure to biting malaria vectors; g Outdoor rates of human exposure to infectious bites by malaria vectors; h Prevalence of reported fever and parasitologically-confirmed malaria infection