Fig. 1

Heatmap of Z-scores of intensity of antibody binding to P. falciparum and P. vivax proteins on the microarray, segregated by decade of age. Samples were collected from the community in Mae Salid Noi (n = 298) and from febrile patients of the hospital/malaria clinic in Mae Tan (n = 83). Healthy community and non-malaria illness samples were qPCR-negative for Plasmodium sp., community malaria and febrile malaria samples were qPCR-positive for Plasmodium sp.. The decade of age of sample donors is shown at the top of heatmap signals, and correspond to years of age as: 1 (up to 10 years old), 2 (11–20), 3 (21–30), 4 (31–40), 5 (41–50) and 6 (51–60+). The youngest age available from community samples was 3 years old, and from PCD, 5 years old. The colored gradient indicates the number of standard deviations above the mean signal intensity of unexposed adult controls from the USA (Z-score). Individual samples appear as columns, seroreactive proteins appear as rows