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Fig. 2 | Malaria Journal

Fig. 2

From: Anti-erythrocyte antibodies may contribute to anaemia in Plasmodium vivax malaria by decreasing red blood cell deformability and increasing erythrophagocytosis

Fig. 2

Evaluation of the phagocytic uptake, by THP-1 cells, of non-infected RBCs after their opsonization with different antibodies. nRBCs were isolated from a O+ healthy volunteer and after washing, they were opsonized with different antibodies: IgG against human red blood cells (α RBCs), IgG purified from healthy donors, IgG purified from non-anaemic patients with vivax malaria or IgG purified from patients with vivax malaria and anaemia. A group of nRBCs incubated with PBS was included for control. The combined result of six independent experiments is shown. Erythophagocytosis rate was calculated by counting the number of ingested nRBC on 400 phagocytic cells, under oil immersion light microscopy at 1000× magnification. Data are shown as box-and-whiskers plots, representing interquartile and complete ranges, with the horizontal line in each box indicating the median. p values were determined using ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, in which all groups were pair-wised for statistical significance. Alphabetic letters above each box plot represent the results of Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Erythrophagocytosis rates that are not significantly different one from each other are represented with the same letter whereas unique (unshared) alphabetic letter indicate a significant different rate (p value <0.01). Top two representative light micrographs of ingested nRBCs within THP-1 activated monocytic cells

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