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Table 2 Frequency of travel characteristics and malaria history and their statistical relations with total anti-Plasmodium spp. antibodies

From: Post-exposure serological responses to malaria parasites in potential blood donors

 

Presence of antibodies

Crude logistic regressiona

Adjusted logistic regressiona

Overall n (%)

Yes n (%)

No n (%)

χ2

p value

β i

p value

OR

CI 95%

β i

p value

OR

CI 95%

Birth in endemic areas n = 495

 Yes

120 (24.2)

35 (53.0)

85 (19.8)

34.36

<0.001

1.519

<0.001

4.569

(2.667;7.830)

0.843

0.011

2.324

(1.209;4.464)

 No

375 (75.8)

31 (47.0)

344 (80.2)

–

–

Reference category

–

–

–

Reference category

–

First 5 years of life in endemic area n = 86

 Yes

75 (87.2)

24 (92.3)

51 (85.0)

0.89

0.351

0.739

0.365

2.095

(0.423;10.363)

b

 No

11 (12.8)

2 (7.7)

9 (15.0)

–

–

Reference category

–

Previous history of malaria n = 485

 Yes

165 (34.0)

51 (79.7)

114 (27.1)

68.50

<0.001

2.358

<0.001

10.565

(5.539;20.152)

2.183

<0.001

8.872

(4.344;18.118)

 No

320 (66.0)

13 (20.3)

307 (72.9)

  

Reference category

–

–

–

Reference category

–

       

0.788d

   

Number of travels to endemic areas n = 480

 1

220 (45.8)

25 (44.6)

195 (40.6)

0.48

0.787

−0.246

0.541

0.782

(0.356;1.719)

b

 2–9

189 (39.4)

21 (37.5)

168 (39.6)

−0.271

0.511

0.763

(0.340;1.711)

 ≥10

71 (14.8)

10 (17.9)

61 (14.4)

–

–

Reference category

–

Length of stay n = 476

 <6 month

306 (64.3)

20 (37.0)

286 (67.8)

19.69

<0.001

−1.274

<0.001

0.280

(0.155; 0.504)

c

 ≥6 month

170 (35.7)

34 (63.0)

136 (32.2)

–

–

Reference category

–

Length of time since last stay n = 502

0.274d

 

 <4 month

213 (42.4)

34 (50.7)

179 (41.1)

4.06

0.255

0.204

0.478

1227

(0.697;5.128)

b

 4 month–1 year

50 (10.0)

5 (7.5)

45 (10.3)

−0.332

0.523

0.718

(0.259;1.988)

 1–3 years

60 (12.0)

4 (6.0)

56 (12.9)

−0.774

0.169

0.461

(0.153;1.388)

 ≥3 years

179 (35.7)

24 (35.8)

155 (35.6)

–

–

Reference category

–

Age

–

–

–

–

–

0.037

0.001

1.038

(1.016;1.060)

c

  1. β i coefficient of the independent variables in the model
  2. OR odds ratio; CI 95–95% of confidence interval for odds ratio
  3. p value statistical significant <0.05
  4. aDependent variable: presence of antibodies
  5. bVariable not included in the model, because in bivariate analysis it was not statistically significant
  6. cVariable excluded from the model, by method forward likelihood ratio (LR)
  7. dp value common to all the categories within the same variable