Table 3 Challenges of CHWs, VMWs and lay personnel working on malaria
SN | Citation | Cadre | Challenges |
|---|---|---|---|
1. | Rodriguez et al. [20] | Health surveillance assistants | Short training not in-keeping with medical regulation standards for prescription Lack of resources to lengthen training Poor supervision and overburden with patients Most are found in remote and hard-to-reach areas where frequent supervision is not routine Job description keeps changing with more introduction of community interventions Financial instability and poor sustainability because of donor dependence and other unreliable sources |
2. | Chilundo et al. [21] | CHWs | Policy conflicts on prescription. Authority does not allow personnel with short-term training to prescribe Stock out of supplies especially anti-malarials Poor supervision especially in the hard to reach areas Funding instability. The programme is donor funded and subjected to delays in funding disbursement Lack of community involvement and ownership No evidence yet on impact and no evaluation strategy APEs are not paid |
3. | Yansaneh et al. [33] | CHVs | CHVs are not remunerated and have to do other income generating activities Not available when needed as they are not paid for their service |
4. | Nanyonjo et al. [30] | CHWs | Patients may not complete referrals |
5. | Heidkamp et al. [26] | CHWs | Stock-out of essential supplies Poor supervision from higher cadres |
6. | Druetz et al. [35] | CHWs | Community preference on qualified health workers CHWs not known to people Medicine stock-out Long distance to CHWs |
7. | Banek et al. [13] | CMDs | Patients overload Lack of supervision Limited malaria knowledge Tensions with community members Lack of remuneration from the government |
8. | Hamainza et al. [22] | CHWs | Lack of remuneration Negative attitudes to care given by CHWs Weak social responsibilities |
9. | Abbey et al. [24] | CHWs | High attrition rate of CHWs especially in hard-to-reach areas |
10. | Tine et al. [14] | CHWs | Medicine and RDT stock-out |
11. | Ndiaye et al. [39] | CHWs | Medicine and supply RDT stock-out (ACT, RDT, gloves, case files, patients forms) |
12. | Blanas et al. [28] | CHWs | ACT and other supplies stock-outs Expired medicines or unavailable in villages Scepticism from villages Transport problems, poor infrastructure and long distances for referrals |
13. | Counihan et al. [25] | CHWs | RDT and other medical supply stock-outs after initial supplies finished Lack of supervision Sustainability |
14. | Brenner et al. [23] | CHVs | Low turn-over of CHVs Low motivation Inconsistent supplies of medicine and supplies |
15. | Gidebo et al. [66] | CHWs | Shortage of chloroquine, Patient pressure to take coartem |
16. | Delacollette et al. [70] | CHWs | CHWs’ position remains ambiguous in the healthcare system. Non-comprehensive care may have negative effect on the sustainability of programme |
17. | Ajayi et al. [77] | CHWs | Challenges in their promotion/training activities  The community members were not in support of the project.  Some community members felt trainers were wasting their time  Trainers could not conduct training all the time because of their domestic needs |