Region/country | High-risk livelihood or occupational activities | Mobile populations | Demographic groups | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forest | Agricultural | Mining/military/other | |||
South/East Asia | |||||
Men collecting firewood | Men sleeping in the fields to protect crops | Businessmen travelling to India | |||
Farmers | |||||
Male forest workers | Temporary migrants | Ethnic minority groups living on the forest fringe | |||
Jarai male youth | |||||
Indonesia [37] | Forest workers | Military personnel | Tourists | ||
Miners | Migrants | ||||
Logging, fishing and other forest work | Plantation workers | Military personnel | Indigenous Orang Asli in the hinterland, particularly children | ||
Adult men working on forest fringe | Adult male gem miners | Military personnel returning from South Sudan and Haiti | |||
Fisherman returning from Sierra Leone | |||||
Laborers and migrants from Myanmar | |||||
Pakistani asylum seekers | |||||
Rubber tapers | Migrants from Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos | ||||
Internal migrants from rural areas to foothills or forests | |||||
Migrant workers | |||||
Mobile ethnic groups | |||||
Foreign travellers | |||||
Forest-goers | Agricultural workers | Ra-glai population | |||
Male wood-cutters | Lower socioeconomic status | ||||
East Asia/Pacific | |||||
Laborers returning from Africa | |||||
Gold miners returning from Ghana | |||||
Laborers returning to Jiangsu from elsewhere in China | |||||
Forest clearing, logging, wood gathering, hunting | Military personnel | Indigenous populations, particularly in rural areas | |||
Charcoal workers | |||||
Construction workers | |||||
North Korea [119] | Agricultural workers, ages 17–59 years | Industrial workers, ages 17–59 years | |||
Latin America | |||||
Adult male gold miners | |||||
Suriname [124] | Illegal gold miners in remote areas | ||||
Gold miners | |||||
Other | |||||
Saudi Arabia [127] | Adult males from North India | ||||
Migrants from southwest to east of country | |||||
Swaziland [45] | Adult male migrant workers, primarily from Mozambique | ||||
Turkmenistan [128] | Military personnel | Males in rural areas | |||
Oil and gas workers | |||||
Ethiopia [34] | Young adult seasonal migrant farm workers in northwest Ethiopia |