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Table 1 Population groups at elevated risk for malaria

From: Surveillance and response for high-risk populations: what can malaria elimination programmes learn from the experience of HIV?

Region/country

High-risk livelihood or occupational activities

Mobile populations

Demographic groups

Forest

Agricultural

Mining/military/other

South/East Asia

 Bhutan [3, 106]

Men collecting firewood

Men sleeping in the fields to protect crops

 

Businessmen travelling to India

 

Farmers

 Cambodia [5, 33, 107]

Male forest workers

  

Temporary migrants

Ethnic minority groups living on the forest fringe

Jarai male youth

 Indonesia [37]

Forest workers

 

Military personnel

Tourists

 

Miners

Migrants

 Malaysia [40, 108, 109]

Logging, fishing and other forest work

Plantation workers

Military personnel

 

Indigenous Orang Asli in the hinterland, particularly children

 Sri Lanka [8, 110]

Adult men working on forest fringe

 

Adult male gem miners

Military personnel returning from South Sudan and Haiti

 

Fisherman returning from Sierra Leone

Laborers and migrants from Myanmar

Pakistani asylum seekers

 Thailand [46, 108, 109, 111113]

Rubber tapers

  

Migrants from Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos

 

Internal migrants from rural areas to foothills or forests

Migrant workers

Mobile ethnic groups

Foreign travellers

 Vietnam [6, 114]

Forest-goers

Agricultural workers

  

Ra-glai population

Male wood-cutters

Lower socioeconomic status

East Asia/Pacific

 China [115118]

   

Laborers returning from Africa

 

Gold miners returning from Ghana

Laborers returning to Jiangsu from elsewhere in China

 Philippines [38, 39]

Forest clearing, logging, wood gathering, hunting

 

Military personnel

 

Indigenous populations, particularly in rural areas

Charcoal workers

Construction workers

 North Korea [119]

 

Agricultural workers, ages 17–59 years

Industrial workers, ages 17–59 years

  

Latin America

 Brazil [4, 120123]

  

Adult male gold miners

  

 Suriname [124]

   

Illegal gold miners in remote areas

 

 Venezuela [125, 126]

  

Gold miners

  

Other

 Saudi Arabia [127]

   

Adult males from North India

 

Migrants from southwest to east of country

 Swaziland [45]

   

Adult male migrant workers, primarily from Mozambique

 

 Turkmenistan [128]

  

Military personnel

 

Males in rural areas

Oil and gas workers

 Ethiopia [34]

   

Young adult seasonal migrant farm workers in northwest Ethiopia