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Table 4 Association of peripheral malaria infection with reduced cerebroplacental Doppler ratio (<10th centile)

From: Effects of Plasmodium falciparum infection on umbilical artery resistance and intrafetal blood flow distribution: a Doppler ultrasound study from Papua New Guinea

 

% (N)

OR (95% CI)

P

aOR (95% CI)a

P

Any malaria infection prior to Doppler scanb

 Any species

14.8 (45/303)

1.7 (0.7–4.37)

0.25

1.7 (0.7–4.3)

0.25

 P.f.

12.5 (38/303)

2.2 (0.9–5.7)

0.09

2.2 (0.8–5.5)

0.11

 P.v.

3.3 (10/303)

–

–

–

–

 P.f. (sub)

5.7 (17/296)

2.5 (0.7–8.2)

0.14

2.4 (0.7–8.2)

0.16

Peripheral malaria infection at any stage in pregnancy (as a measure of exposure)c

 Any species

21.4 (54/252)

1.6 (0.7–3.6)

0.29

1.6 (0.7–3.7)

0.29

 P.f.

17.1 (43/252)

2.2 (0.9–5.0)

0.08

2.1 (0.9–5.0)

0.09

 P.v.

7.1 (18/252)

1.1 (0.2–5.2)

0.91

1.2 (0.3–5.5)

0.84

 P.f. (sub)

8.2 (20/244)

3.7 (1.3–10.7)

0.014

3.6 (1.2–10.9)

0.021

Cumulative malaria detections with any species (as a measure of exposure)c

 1

17.9 (45/252)

0.9 (0.3–2.5)

0.85

0.9 (0.3–2.5)

0.86

 ≥2

3.6 (9/252)

6.7 (1.6–27.5)

0.008

6.17 (1.5–25.5)

0.012

  1. P.f., P. falciparum; P.v., P. vivax; sub, sub-microscopic
  2. aAdjusted for fetal gender, gravidity and gestational age
  3. bN (%) represents the number of scans
  4. cN (%) represents the number of women