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Table 3 Modification of the effect of travel to Angola on malaria by gender in unadjusted and adjusted analyses

From: Malaria risk in young male travellers but local transmission persists: a case–control study in low transmission Namibia

 

No travel to Angola

Travel to Angola

ORs (95% CI) for travel within gender strata

N with/without malaria

OR (95% CI)

N with/without malaria

OR (95% CI)

Unadjusted ORa

 Female

34/352

1.0

3/13

1.14 (0.88–1.47)

1.14 (0.88–1.47)

 Male

46/266

1.10 (1.04–1.17)

15/3

4.97 (1.59–15.52)

4.50 (1.45–14.01)

Adjusted ORb

 Female

34/352

1.0

3/13

1.65 (0.36–7.47)

1.65 (0.36–7.47)

 Male

46/266

1.95 (1.25–3.04)

15/3

85.00 (4.16–1736)

43.58 (2.12–896)

  1. Measure of effect modification on additive scale: RERI (95% CI) 82.39 (−174 to 339); P = 0.53. Confidence intervals calculated using Delta approximation
  2. Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CI) 26.46 (0.92–766); P = 0.05
  3. aGEE adjusted for health district (matching variable) and clustering of controls within households
  4. bORs are adjusted for all covariates listed in Table 4