Skip to main content

Table 4 Co-prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different molecular markers in sentinel sites

From: Clinical and molecular surveillance of drug resistant vivax malaria in Myanmar (2009–2016)

Target

Descriptiona

No. isolate/total (%)

Kawthaung (n = 60)

Shwegyin (n = 88)

Buthidaung (n = 60)

All sites (n = 208)

pvcrt-O

Wild type

20 (33.3)

24 (27.3)

31 (51.7)

75 (36.1)

Mutant (AAG insert)

40 (66.7)

64 (72.7)

29 (48.3)

133 (63.9)

pvmdr1

Wild type (T, Y, F) (958, 976, 1976)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Single mutant (M, Y, F)

35 (58.3)

46 (52.3)

22 (36.7)

103 (49.5)

Double mutant (M, Y, L/I)

9 (15.0)

27 (30.7)

37 (61.7)

73 (35.1)

Triple mutant (M, F, L)

16 (26.7)

15 (17.0)

1 (1.7)

32 (15.4)

pvdhps

Wild (S, A, K, A) (382, 383, 512, 553)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.1)

30 (50.0)

31 (14.9)

Single mutant (S, G, K, A)

5 (8.3)

15 (17.0)

2 (3.3)

22 (10.6)

Double mutant (S, G, K, G)

18 (30.0)

45 (51.1)

18 (30.0)

81 (38.9)

Double mutant (A, G, K, A)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.5)

Triple mutant (A, G, K, G)

15 (25.0)

16 (18.2)

3 (5.0)

34 (16.3)

Triple mutant (S, G, E, G)

0 (0.0)

2 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

2 (1.0)

Triple mutant (S, G, M, G)

5 (8.3)

1 (1.1)

5 (8.3)

11 (5.3)

Quadruple mutant (A, G, M, G)

17 (28.3)

6 (6.8)

2 (3.3)

25 (12.0)

Quadruple mutant (C, G, E, G)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.5)

pvdhfr

Wild (F, S, T, S) (57, 58, 61, 117)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

5 (8.3)

5 (2.4)

Single mutant (L, S, T, S)

1 (1.7)

0 (0.0)

2 (3.3)

3 (1.4)

Single mutant (F, R, T, S)

1 (1.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.5)

Single mutant (F, S, T, T/N)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

5 (8.3)

5 (2.4)

Double mutant (L, R, T, S)

0 (0.0)

2 (2.3)

1 (1.7)

3 (1.4)

Double mutant (F, R, T, N)

13 (21.7)

14 (15.9)

15 (25.0)

42 (20.2)

Triple mutant (L, R, T, T)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.5)

Triple mutant (F, R, M, T)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.5)

Quadruple mutant (L/I, R, M, T/N)

45 (75.0)

70 (79.5)

32 (53.3)

147 (70.7)

  1. a Numbers in parentheses indicate the amino acid position. Mutant amino acids are shown in bold. All sequences were aligned with Sal-1 (P. vivax) reference sequences from Plasmodium data base