From: Clinical and molecular surveillance of drug resistant vivax malaria in Myanmar (2009–2016)
Target | Descriptiona | No. isolate/total (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kawthaung (n = 60) | Shwegyin (n = 88) | Buthidaung (n = 60) | All sites (n = 208) | ||
pvcrt-O | Wild type | 20 (33.3) | 24 (27.3) | 31 (51.7) | 75 (36.1) |
Mutant (AAG insert) | 40 (66.7) | 64 (72.7) | 29 (48.3) | 133 (63.9) | |
pvmdr1 | Wild type (T, Y, F) (958, 976, 1976) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Single mutant (M, Y, F) | 35 (58.3) | 46 (52.3) | 22 (36.7) | 103 (49.5) | |
Double mutant (M, Y, L/I) | 9 (15.0) | 27 (30.7) | 37 (61.7) | 73 (35.1) | |
Triple mutant (M, F, L) | 16 (26.7) | 15 (17.0) | 1 (1.7) | 32 (15.4) | |
pvdhps | Wild (S, A, K, A) (382, 383, 512, 553) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 30 (50.0) | 31 (14.9) |
Single mutant (S, G, K, A) | 5 (8.3) | 15 (17.0) | 2 (3.3) | 22 (10.6) | |
Double mutant (S, G, K, G) | 18 (30.0) | 45 (51.1) | 18 (30.0) | 81 (38.9) | |
Double mutant (A, G, K, A) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
Triple mutant (A, G, K, G) | 15 (25.0) | 16 (18.2) | 3 (5.0) | 34 (16.3) | |
Triple mutant (S, G, E, G) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) | |
Triple mutant (S, G, M, G) | 5 (8.3) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (8.3) | 11 (5.3) | |
Quadruple mutant (A, G, M, G) | 17 (28.3) | 6 (6.8) | 2 (3.3) | 25 (12.0) | |
Quadruple mutant (C, G, E, G) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
pvdhfr | Wild (F, S, T, S) (57, 58, 61, 117) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (8.3) | 5 (2.4) |
Single mutant (L, S, T, S) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.3) | 3 (1.4) | |
Single mutant (F, R, T, S) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
Single mutant (F, S, T, T/N) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (8.3) | 5 (2.4) | |
Double mutant (L, R, T, S) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (1.7) | 3 (1.4) | |
Double mutant (F, R, T, N) | 13 (21.7) | 14 (15.9) | 15 (25.0) | 42 (20.2) | |
Triple mutant (L, R, T, T) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
Triple mutant (F, R, M, T) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
Quadruple mutant (L/I, R, M, T/N) | 45 (75.0) | 70 (79.5) | 32 (53.3) | 147 (70.7) |