Fig. 1

Study design in a semi field system. a ASB diployed outdoor around the vegetation, outdoor close to the experimental huts and inside the huts in a biome. b Schematic of study design. The biome has two compartments (a and b); in each compartment two experimental huts are installed. In both compartments; vegetation were potted between the huts. Green, blue and red coded baits were deployed around the plants, close to the huts and inside the huts respectively. Treated and untreated bed nets were installed in huts in compartment a and b respectively. One hundred and fifty mosquitoes were released in each compartment per night while two sleepers sleeping in each experimental hut