Table 2 Comparison between patients with a drug prescription (Pr+) and patients without a drug prescription (Pr−) by country 2013 (N = 994)
From: Treatment-seeking patterns for malaria in pharmacies in five sub-Saharan African countries
Ghana | Kenya | Nigeria | Tanzania | Uganda | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pr+ (n = 35) | Pr− (n = 164) | p | Pr+ (n = 88) | Pr− (n = 107) | p | Pr+ (n = 68) | Pr− (n = 132) | p | Pr+ (n = 180) | Pr− (n = 20) | p | Pr+ (n = 160) | Pr− (n = 40) | p | |
Patient characteristics | |||||||||||||||
Sex-ratio M:W | 0.59 | 0.71 | 0.22 | 0.81 | 1.43 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.09 | 1.05 | 0.43 | 0.07 | 0.74 | 1.22 | 0.16 |
Age (years) | |||||||||||||||
≤5 | 40.0 | 0.6 | 19.8 | 12.5 | 20.6 | 13.7 | 22.9 | 15.0 | 26.4 | 22.5 | |||||
6–16 | 5.7 | 5.5 | <10−4 | 24.4 | 6.7 | 0.001 | 17.6 | 9.8 | 0.09 | 8.4 | 5.0 | 0.58 | 13.2 | 10.0 | 0.72 |
≥17 | 54.3 | 93.9 | 55.8 | 80.8 | 61.8 | 76.5 | 68.7 | 80.0 | 60.4 | 67.5 | |||||
History of illness | |||||||||||||||
Presence of fever | 97.1 | 98.8 | 0.56 | 98.8 | 82.5 | 0.001 | 100 | 100 | – | 83.3 | 70.0 | 0.14 | 96.3 | 95.0 | 0.71 |
Mean days with fever (SD) | 4.0 (5.4) | 2.3 (1.9) | 0.002 | 2.6 (1.6) | 2.4 (1.3) | 0.56 | 3.9 (2.1) | 3.1 (1.6) | 0.002 | 1.9 (3.9) | 3.6 (3.9) | 0.002 | 4.3 (5.4) | 3.3 (2.9) | 0.24 |
Diagnostic practices | |||||||||||||||
Location of malaria diagnosis | |||||||||||||||
Self-diagnosis | 8.6 | 99.4 | 1.2 | 66.0 | 0 | 59.7 | 0 | 20 | 1.9 | 51.3 | |||||
Health facility | 88.6 | 0.0 | <10−4 | 90.7 | 15.0 | <10−4 | 85.1 | 17.1 | <10−4 | 99.4 | 60.0 | <10−4 | 92.9 | 21.6 | <10−4 |
Pharmacy/drug shop | 2.8 | 0.6 | 8.1 | 10.0 | 14.9 | 23.2 | 0.6 | 20.0 | 5.1 | 27.0 | |||||
Blood test diagnostic | 20.0 | 0 | <10−4 | 94.3 | 15.0 | <10−4 | 79.4 | 16.7 | <10−4 | 99.4 | 60.0 | <10−4 | 96.9 | 35.0 | <10−4 |
Type of outlet | |||||||||||||||
Pharmacy | 82.9 | 89.1 | 0.30 | 100 | 100 | – | 34.3 | 19.7 | 0.02 | 86.7 | 95.0 | 0.29 | 20.7 | 30.0 | 0.20 |
Othera | 17.1 | 10.9 | 0 | 0 | 65.7 | 80.3 | 13.3 | 5.0 | 79.3 | 70.0 | |||||
Median price of drug purchased | 1.05 | 1.37 | 0.008 | 3.69 | 1.73 | 0.04 | 3.22 | 2.28 | 0.04 | 1.39 | 1.37 | 0.87 | 2.92 | 3.73 | 0.30 |