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Table 1 Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in the Southern Africa International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) study sites

From: Malaria knowledge and bed net use in three transmission settings in southern Africa

 

Choma District

Nchelenge District

Mutasa District

Location

Southern Province, Zambia

Luapula Province, Zambia

Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe

Geographical position

16° 23.583′S, 26° 47.433′E

9° 19.115′S, 28° 45.070′E

18° 23.161′S, 32° 59.946′E

Average elevation above sea level (m)

1100

807

912

Seasons

Rainy: November–April

Cool dry: May–July

Hot dry: August–October

Rainy: November–April

Cool dry: May–August

Hot dry: September–October

Rainy: November–April

Cool dry: May–July

Hot dry: August–October

Malaria transmission

Seasonal but low (pre-elimination)

Intense with little or no seasonal fluctuations

Seasonal, unstable and epidemic in nature; decreased over past 3 years following IRS

Primary mosquito vector

Anopheles arabiensis

Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae

Anopheles funestus

Malaria control phase

Successful malaria control

Ineffective malaria control

Resurgent malaria after previous control; again decreasing

Current malaria control interventions

Insecticide-treated bed nets and reactive screen and treat. Indoor residual spraying and mass drug administration at a limited scale

Insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying and case management with artemisinin-based combination therapy

Insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying and case management with artemisinin-based combination therapy

Estimated population

205,000

148,000

180,000

Main economic activity

Cattle herding and subsistence farming

Subsistence farming and fishing

Subsistence and commercial farming