From: Identifying risk factors for the development of sepsis during adult severe malaria
Characteristic | Category | N | % | Artesunate arm | Quinine arm | Sepsis development | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |||||
1 | Country | Myanmar | 458 | 38.6 | 233 | 50.9 | 225 | 49.1 | 17 | 3.7 |
Bangladesh | 399 | 33.6 | 198 | 49.6 | 201 | 50.4 | 21 | 5.3 | ||
India | 137 | 11.4 | 67 | 48.9 | 70 | 51.1 | 11 | 8.0 | ||
Indonesia | 193 | 16.3 | 97 | 50.3 | 96 | 49.7 | 37 | 19.2 | ||
2 | Sex | Male | 899 | 75.7 | 456 | 50.7 | 443 | 49.3 | 48 | 5.3 |
Female | 288 | 24.3 | 139 | 48.3 | 149 | 51.7 | 38 | 13.2 | ||
3 | Age | 17–25 | 504 | 43.6 | 249 | 49.4 | 255 | 50.6 | 33 | 6.6 |
26–35 | 321 | 22.2 | 167 | 52.0 | 154 | 48.0 | 26 | 8.1 | ||
36–45 | 188 | 13.0 | 96 | 51.1 | 92 | 48.9 | 18 | 9.6 | ||
46–87 | 174 | 12.1 | 83 | 47.7 | 91 | 52.3 | 9 | 5.2 | ||
4 | Respiratory distress | Yes | 117 | 9.9 | 51 | 43.6 | 66 | 56.4 | 20 | 17.1 |
No | 1070 | 90.1 | 544 | 50.8 | 526 | 49.2 | 66 | 6.2 | ||
5 | Coma on admission | Yes | 505 | 42.5 | 255 | 50.5 | 250 | 49.5 | 46 | 9.1 |
No | 682 | 57.5 | 340 | 49.9 | 342 | 50.2 | 40 | 5.9 | ||
6 | Hypoglycaemia on admission (blood glucose < 2.2 mmol/l) | Yes | 19 | 1.7 | 8 | 42.1 | 11 | 57.9 | 1 | 5.3 |
No | 1127 | 98.3 | 568 | 50.4 | 559 | 49.6 | 85 | 7.5 | ||
7 | Shock on admission | Yes | 137 | 11.5 | 65 | 47.5 | 72 | 52.6 | 21 | 15.3 |
No | 1050 | 88.5 | 530 | 50.5 | 520 | 49.5 | 65 | 6.2 | ||
8 | Jaundice on admission | Yes | 624 | 52.6 | 319 | 51.1 | 305 | 48.9 | 57 | 9.1 |
No | 563 | 47.4 | 276 | 49.0 | 287 | 51.0 | 29 | 5.2 | ||
9 | Severe anaemia on admission (Hb < 5.0 g/dl) | Yes | 60 | 5.0 | 31 | 51.7 | 29 | 48.3 | 11 | 18.3 |
No | 1127 | 95.0 | 564 | 50.0 | 563 | 50.0 | 75 | 6.7 | ||
10 | Acute kidney injury (BUN > 20 mg/dl) | Yes | 277 | 24.6 | 130 | 46.9 | 147 | 53.1 | 37 | 13.4 |
No | 850 | 75.4 | 440 | 51.8 | 410 | 48.2 | 45 | 5.3 | ||
11 | Acidosis on admission (base excess < 3.3 mmol/l) | Yes | 524 | 48.7 | 254 | 48.5 | 270 | 51.5 | 59 | 11.3 |
No | 551 | 51.3 | 289 | 52.5 | 262 | 47.5 | 23 | 4.2 | ||
12 | Hyperparasitaemia on admission (> 10% RBCs infected) | Yes | 185 | 15.6 | 99 | 53.5 | 86 | 46.5 | 26 | 14.1 |
No | 1002 | 84.4 | 496 | 49.5 | 506 | 50.5 | 60 | 6.0 |