Table 4 Pharmacokinetic parameters of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine (median, IQR) following artesunate-amodiaquine fixed-dose combination treatment of Ghanaian patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, by age category
Parameter | Age category (years) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All ages |  < 1 | 1–4 |  ≥ 5 | ||
n = 223 | n = 9 | n = 125 | n = 89 | ||
Amodiaquine | |||||
 AUC0-∞ (ng h /ml) | 1318 (583–3549) | 4201 (2773–17,909) | 1994 (642–5199) | 875 (400–1,434) |  < 0.001 |
 Cmax (ng/ml) | 18.8 (9.8–50.7) | 49.6 (21.7–107.0) | 27.7 (14.7–70.0) | 11.6 (6.7–18.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Tmax (days) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.71 |
 Cl/F (L kg−1 h−1) | 25.9 (8.6–56.0) | 6.7 (1.4–11.2) | 15.7 (7.0–47.1) | 39.6 (18.7–76.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Vd/F (L kg−1) | 1,195 (416–2,735) | 325 (98–1141) | 859 (359–2,613) | 1,840 (861–3,656) | 0.008 |
 t½ (hours) | 47.4 (32.4–72.8) | 54.1 (24.6–148.7) | 48.8 (32.6–87.9) | 41.7 (32.4–56.1) | 0.24 |
|  | n = 227 | n = 9 | n = 127 | n = 91 |  |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Desethylamodiaquine | |||||
 AUC0-∞ (ng h /ml) | 116,100 (70,325–203,110) | 163,020 (94,262–255,562) | 124,508 (79,736–225,582) | 105,596 (56,986–159,382) | 0.057 |
 Cmax (ng/ml) | 565 (349–827) | 365 (266–665) | 604 (377–937) | 528 (260–720) | 0.046 |
 Tmax (days) | 3 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 0.33 |
 Cl/F(L kg−1 h−1) | 0.26 (0.16–0.46) | 0.19 (0.11–0.31) | 0.24 (0.16–0.41) | 0.31 (0.16–0.56) | 0.071 |
 Vd/F (L kg−1) | 67.5 (43.0–126.8) | 57.0 (40.1–100.5) | 62.3 (42.9–124.6) | 72.9 (45.3–150.2) | 0.49 |
 t ½ (hours) | 196.4 (152.8–276.1) | 237.8 (204.6–280.3) | 187.6 (155.1–276.1) | 200.1 (137.5–268.6) | 0.60 |