Historical trends and new surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance markers in Angola

Malaria Journal

Table 4 Frequencies of P. falciparum drug resistance markers in mdr1 in Angola since the early 2000s

Year	86Y	184F	Province	Recruitment	Notes	Ref
2003	73.3%	–	Luanda (+ São Tomé)	Travellers returning to Portugal	Year approximate; mixed infections reported as dominant allele	[60]
2004	51.7%	–	Uíge	Children 4–108 months in hospital emergency unit	-	[36]
2007	64.8%	–	Luanda	Children 1–16 years with uncomplicated malaria in hospital	Year approximate	[54]
2007	65.5%	17.9%	Luanda	Adults > 18 years with uncomplicated malaria	Frequent failures to amplify mdr1	[30]
2010	27.8%	34.8%	Bengo	Baseline prevalence survey in women and children	-	[55]
2010–2011	53.7%	14.8%	Benguela	Random household survey of children < 15 years	Mixed infections not mentioned	[56]
2010–2013	24.5%	–	Luanda	Adults and children > 6 months with uncomplicated malaria in health care units	-	[62]
2012–2016	14.4%	–	–	Migrant workers returning to China	Mixed infections not mentioned	[59]
2015	15.3%	31.5%	Benguela, Lunda Sul, Zaire	Children 6–108 months with uncomplicated malaria	Mixed infections reported as mutant	[62]
2018	6.5%	44.0%	Cabinda	Adults and children in hospital	-	This study

Each allele frequency was re-calculated from published prevalence data to include mixed infections whenever possible (see Additional file 5: Table S5)

ISSN: 1475-2875