|  | All data | Unique haplotypes |
---|
 |  | IAS | p-value | IAS | p-value |
---|
P. malariae
| Both Districts | -0.003 | 0.650 | -0.022 | 0.994 |
 | Dedza | -0.009 | 0.765 | -0.026 | 0.986 |
 | Mangochi | -0.003 | 0.575 | -0.032 | 0.992 |
P. falciparum
| Both Districts | 0.012 | < 0.05 | 0.009 | < 0.05 |
 | Dedza | 0.016 | < 0.05 | 0.012 | 0.055 |
 | Mangochi | 0.007 | 0.181 | 0.004 | 0.304 |
- The standardized index of association (I
A
S) measures linkage disequilibrium by comparing the variance in the number of shared alleles between all pairs of haplotypes with the variance within the randomized data. Unique haplotypes are a subset of the data, in which haplotypes found in more than one sample are represented only once. P. malariae, all data: Dedza n = 108, Mangochi n = 59; unique haplotypes: Dedza n = 81, Mangochi n = 35. P. falciparum, all data: Dedza n = 108, Mangochi n = 92; unique haplotypes: Dedza n = 106, Mangochi n = 87.