Table 2 Univariate comparison of RDT-based Plasmodium infection status (case, control) and demographic and household environmental characteristics among study participants

Study sample

173 (44.47)

216 (55.53)

4.75

0.03

Sex of child

Female

98 (25.19)

86 (22.11)

10.92

0.001

1.98

1.32-2.96

Male (ref.)

75 (19.28)

130 (33.42)

1.00

Traditional Authority

Sitola

104 (26.74)

57 (14.65)

43.02

<0.0001

4.20

2.74-6.46

Nsamala (ref.)

69 (17.74)

159 (40.87)

1.00

Reported malaria in <2 weeks

Yes

83 (21.45)

49 (12.66)

26.77

<0.0001

3.11

2.01-4.81

No (ref.)

90 (23.26)

165 (42.64)

1.00

Owned at least one bed net

No

99 (25.52)

82 (21.13)

14.03

0.0002

0.46

0.31-0.69

Yes (ref.)

74 (19.07)

133 (34.28)

1.00

Wall materials

Mud

102 (26.49)

147 (38.18)

3.40

0.07

1.48

0.97-2.26

Brick/cement (ref.)

69 (17.92)

67 (17.40)

1.00

Roofing materials

Thatch

151 (39.02)

171 (44.19)

5.70

0.02

0.50

0.28-0.89

Metal (ref.)

20 (5.17)

45 (11.63)

1.00

Windows

Glass

38 (9.84)

54 (13.99)

0.52

0.47

0.84

0.52-1.35

Other (ref.)

134 (34.72)

160 (41.45)

1.00

Agriculture <25 m from house

Yes

51 (13.11)

27 (6.94)

17.28

<0.0001

2.93

1.74-4.92

No (ref.)

122 (31.36)

189 (48.59)

1.00

Agriculture 25–50 m from house

Yes

62 (15.94)

43 (11.05)

12.37

0.0004

2.25

1.42-3.55

No (ref.)

111 (28.53)

173 (44.47)

1.00

Agriculture 0–50 m from house

Yes

67 (17.22)

48 (12.34

12.57

0.0004

2.21

1.42-3.45

No (ref.)

106 (27.25)

168 (43.19)

1.00

House elevation* (per 10 m)

4.92

0.02

1.06

1.01-1.11

Age of child* (months)

16.46

<0.0001

1.03

1.02-1.04

Number of people within household*

2.41

0.12

1.10

0.97-1.25

Number of houses within 25 m*

1.82

0.18

0.89

0.75-1.06

Number of houses within 25–50 m*

0.11

0.74

0.98

0.86-1.11

Total neighboring houses 0–50 m*

0.73

0.39

0.96

0.875-1.05