Figure 1

Schematic of census, household recruitment, and enrolment of children into longitudinal study. Reasons that children were excluded before enrolment: 42 (5.6%) did not give informed consent, 28 (3.8%) moving out of Kampala, 27 (3.7%) weight < 10 kg, 15 (2.0%) not willing to come to study clinic or avoid outside medications, 11 (1.5%) age not between 1 to 10 years, 7 (0.9%) history of serious chronic illness, 6 (0.8%) Z-score <-3SD for severe malnutrition, 3 (0.4%) sickle cell disease by reported history or homozygous haemoglobin SS by electrophoresis, 2 (0.3%) life threatening laboratory values and 1 (0.1%) history of side effects to study medications.