Study | Setting | Median age (range) | # patients (or malaria episodes, if indicated) | Parasite density, HIV-positive vs. HIV negative patients | Parasite density in HIV-infected: immune-suppressed vs. not immune-suppressed* | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CHILDREN | HIGH ENDEMICITY | Â | Â | Values | % change | P-value | Values | % change | P-value |
Shaffer [45] | Zaire, 1988 | 3.3 y | 166 (6 HIV+) | 93 325 vs 8 913/μL | 947% | 0.04 | --- |  |  |
Mermin, 2004 [46] | Uganda, 2001–3 | 0–5 y | NR | 154 vs 61/200 WBC | 152% | 0.03 | --- |  |  |
Kamya, 2006 [47] | Uganda, 2002–4 | 3 y | 1802 | 28 186 vs 20 076/μL | 40% | NS | --- |  |  |
Otieno, 2006 [19] | Kenya, 2003–4 | 11 m | 317 | 48 356 vs 47 245/μL | 2% | NS | --- |  |  |
Greenberg, 2001 [17] | DRC, 1986–8 | 5–21 m | 271 episodes | 4 173 vs 3 854/μL | 8% | NS | AIDS vs. HIV positive: 11256 vs 2394/μL | 370% | 0.068 |
Taha, 1994 [48] | Malawi, 1989 | 0–18 m | 564 episodes | --- |  | NS | --- |  |  |
Colebunders, 1990 [49] | Zaire, 1986–7 | 7 y | 59 | 3 210 vs 4 170/μL | -23% | NS | --- |  |  |
Muller, 1990 [50] | Uganda, 1989 | 11 m | 75 | --- | Â | NS | --- | Â | Â |
ADULTS | HIGH ENDEMICITY | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mermin, 2004 [46] | Uganda, 2001–3 | 34 y | 90 episodes | --- |  | NS | <200 vs. ≥ 200 CD4/μL: 60 vs. 24/200 WBC | 185% | 0.02 |
French [21] | Uganda, 1995–98 | 31 y | 153 episodes | --- |  |  | Association low CD4 ↔ high parasite density |  | 0.0001 |
Kamya, 2006 [47] | Uganda, 2002–4 | 28 y | 163 | 20 537 vs 15 174/μL | 35% | NS | --- |  |  |
Laufer, 2006 [22] | Malawi, 2002–3 | 31.7 y | 203 | --- |  |  | Association low CD4 ↔ high parasite density |  | 0.005 |
Van geertruyden, 2006 [37] | Zambia, 2003–5 | 27 y (15–50) | 971 | 8 715 vs 8 538/μL | 2% | NS | <300 vs. ≥ 300 CD4/μL: 10 093 vs. 7328/μL | 37% | 0.03 |
Shah, 2006 [38] | Kenya, 2002–4 | Adults | 619 | 11 732 vs 9 516/μL | 22% | NS | <200 vs ≥ 200CD4/μL: 22 515 vs. 8232/μL | 173%, | <0.005 |
Francesconi, 2001 [18] | Uganda, 2000 | 25 y | 170 | --- | Â | NS | --- | Â | Â |
Whitworth, 2000 [1] | Uganda, 1990–98 | 35 y | 559 episodes | --- |  | NS | Association low CD4 ↔ high parasite density |  | 0.02 |
Simooya [51] | Zambia, 1988 | >12 y | 170 | --- | Â | 0.10 | --- | Â | Â |
Muller, 1990 [50] | Uganda, 1989 | 26 y | 200 | --- | Â | NS | --- | Â | Â |
CHILDREN | LOW ENDEMICITY | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Kalyesubula, 1997 [18] | Uganda, 1988 | 0–4 y | 635 episodes | --- |  | NS | --- |  |  |
Grimwade, 2003 [52] | South Africa, 2000 | 7 y | 663 | --- | Â | NS | --- | Â | Â |
ADULTS | LOW ENDEMICITY | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Atzori, 1993 [2] | Tanzania, 1991 | 18–41 y | 300 | --- |  | NS | --- |  |  |
Grimwade, 2004 [16] | South Africa, 2000 | 30 y | 613 | 16.7% vs 12.5%* | 34% | 036 | --- | Â | Â |
Birku, 2002 [36] | Ethiopia, 2000 | 31 y | 19 | 27 486 vs 32 892/μL | -16% | NS | --- |  |  |