Table 4 Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection (uni- and multi-variable analysis, complete case and multiple imputation analyses, multilevel logistic model)
Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis (full model, complete case analysis) (n = 8,362) | Multivariable analysis (full model, multiple imputation analysis) (n = 9,094, 50 imputations) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95 % CI) | P value | OR (95 % CI) | P value | OR (95 % CI) | P value | |
Age | ||||||
≤5 years (N = 2,477) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
5–14.9 years (N = 2,811) | 1.55 (1.32–1.82) | <0.001 | 1.90 (1.60–2.26) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.56–2.18) | <0.001 |
≥15 years (N = 3,791) | 1.10 (0.94–1.29) | 0.24 | 1.48 (1.24–1.78) | <0.001 | 1.43 (1.20–1.71) | <0.001 |
Gender | ||||||
Male (N = 5,417) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Female (N = 3,670) | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) | 0.02 | 0.87 (0.76–1.00) | 0.05 | 0.85 (0.75–0.97) | 0.01 |
Anaemia | ||||||
No anaemia (N = 2,198) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Mild (N = 3,783) | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 0.85 | 1.08 (0.89–1.32) | 0.42 | 1.08 (0.89–1.30) | 0.44 |
Moderate (N = 2,671) | 1.38 (1.15–1.65) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.32–1.99) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.33–1.97) | <0.001 |
Severe (N = 137) | 2.44 (1.84–3.25) | <0.001 | 3.11(2.27–4.26) | <0.001 | 3.05 (2.25–4.13) | <0.001 |
Has slept under a LLIN last night | ||||||
No (N = 377) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes (N = 8,244) | 0.58 (0.41–0.81) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.41–0.82) | 0.003 | 0.61 (0.43–0.86) | 0.005 |
Has slept out doors | ||||||
No (N = 5,257) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes (N = 3,807) | 1.04 (0.92–1.19) | 0.51 | 1.01(0.88–1.16) | 0.87 | 1.04 (0.91–1.18) | 0.56 |
Indoor residual spraying | ||||||
No (N = 1,883) | 1 | |||||
Yes (N = 7,170) | 0.86 (0.59–1.27) | 0.46 | 0.86 (0.57–1.29) | 0.45 | 0.92 (0.63–1.36) | 0.69 |
Has slept out in the fields | ||||||
No (N = 8,727) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes (N = 321) | 0.78 (0.51–1.19) | 0.26 | 0.81 (0.51–1.28) | 0.37 | 0.83 (0.54–1.27) | 0.38 |
Used Artemether-lumefantrine in past week | ||||||
No (N = 8,881) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes (N = 174) | 0.78 (0.51–1.20) | 0.98 | 0.77 (0.49–1.20) | 0.25 | 0.75 (0.48–1.15) | 0.19 |