Table 1 Characteristics of 728 women with live singleton deliveries
Parameter | All | Primiparae | Parae II and III | Multiparae (>III) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. (%) | 100 (728) | 31.6 (229/725) | 37.0 (268/725) | 31.4 (228/725) | Â |
Age (years; median, range) | 25 (18–42) | 20 (18–35) | 24 (18–39) | 30 (20–42) | <0.0001 |
Residence in Kabarole district (%, No.) | 76.9 (498/648) | 75.6 (155/205) | 76.3 (187/245) | 79.5 (155/195) | 0.62 |
Travel distance to hospital (min., median, range; n = 648) | 55 (2–360) | 55 (3–360) | 40 (5–300) | 60 (2–300) | 0.12 |
Mutooro ethnicity (%, No.) | 58.9 (417/708) | 53.2 (118/222) | 61.4 (159/259) | 61.9 (140/226) | 0.10 |
Married (%, No.) | 71.4 (517/724) | 55.5 (126/227) | 75.0 (201/268) | 82.8 (188/227) | <0.0001 |
Proportion without formal education (%, No.) | 6.9 (49/715) | 5.3 (12/228) | 3.0 (8/264) | 13.1 (29/221) | <0.0001 |
Hospital cost coverage present (%, No.) | 30.4 (207/682) | 30.7 (66/215) | 25.3 (65/257) | 35.6 (74/208) | 0.05 |
No. of people living in household (median, range; n = 706) | 4.0 (1–22) | 3.0 (1–12) | 3.0 (1–11) | 6.0 (2–22) | <0.0001 |
Tap water on premises (%, No.) | 40.9 (296/724) | 40.2 (92/229) | 48.9 (131/268) | 31.9 (72/226) | 0.0006 |
Electricity on premises (%, No.) | 27.5 (199/723) | 26.6 (61/229) | 37.8 (101/267) | 15.9 (36/226) | <0.0001 |
Bed net in household (%, No.) | 79.8 (574/719) | 73.9 (167/226) | 85.8 (230/268) | 78.6 (176/224) | 0.004 |
Antenatal care and malaria prevention | |||||
 No. of previous antenatal care visits (median, range; n = 657) | 4.0 (0–9) | 4.0 (0–7) | 4.0 (0–9) | 3.0 (0–8) | 0.007 |
 Proportion with ≤3 antenatal care visits (%, No.) | 42.9 (282/657) | 42.0 (87/207) | 36.9 (89/241) | 50.5 (105/208) | 0.01 |
 Participation in PMTCT programme (%, No.) | 11.7 (85) | 7.4 (17/229) | 14.6 (39/268) | 12.7 (29/228) | 0.04 |
 Referred for delivery (%, No.) | 46.4 (334/720) | 51.3 (117/228) | 41.9 (111/265) | 46.5 (105/226) | 0.11 |
 Slept under bed net last night (%, No.) | 65.1 (436/670) | 60.2 (127/211) | 67.7 (170/251) | 66.5 (137/206) | 0.20 |
Malaria-preventive drug intake (%, No.) | |||||
 None | 8.4 (58/688) | 10.2 (22/216) | 7.8 (20/258) | 7.6 (16/211) |  |
 IPTp 1 dose | 25.6 (176/688) | 30.6 (66/216) | 20.9 (54/258) | 26.1 (55/211) |  |
 IPTp 2 doses | 54.7 (376/688) | 52.8 (114/216) | 57.4 (148/258) | 53.1 (112/211) |  |
 Cotrimoxazole | 7.8 (54/688) | 3.2 (7/216) | 11.2 (29/258) | 8.5 (18/211) |  |
 IPTp and cotrimaxazole | 3.5 (24/688) | 3.2 (7/216) | 2.7 (7/258) | 4.7 (10/211) | 0.03 |
Week of gestation when taking IPTp dose 1 (median, range; n = 548) | 24 (8–38) | 23 (8–38) | 22 (12–38) | 24 (12–36) | 0.02 |
Week of gestation when taking IPTp dose 2 (median, range; n = 365) | 30 (20–40) | 30 (21–39) | 30 (20–40) | 32 (20–39) | 0.48 |
Received treatment for malaria episode during pregnancy (%, No.) | 23.9 (164/685) | 23.5 (51/217) | 24.8 (63/254) | 23.2 (49/211) | 0.91 |
Clinical data | |||||
 Fever (%, No.) | 1.0 (6/628) | 1.0 (2/194) | 0.9 (2/234) | 1.0 (2/197) | 0.98 |
 Haemoglobin (g/dL, median, range; n = 692) | 12.5 (4.0–16.7) | 12.6 (6.1–16.5) | 12.6 (4.0–16.7) | 12.2 (4.5–16.6) | 0.17 |
 Anaemia (%, No.; Hb <11.5 g/dL) | 28.9 (200/692) | 27.9 (60/215) | 26.5 (68/257) | 33.2 (72/217) | 0.25 |
 Birth weight (g; median, range; n = 709) | 3100 (800–4720) | 3000 (1100–4200) | 3120 (900–4500) | 3160 (800–4720) | 0.0001 |
 Low birth weight (%, No.) | 9.7 (69/709) | 11.0 (24/219) | 9.5 (25/263) | 8.0 (18/225) | 0.57 |
 Gestational age (weeks; mean ± SD; n = 705) | 38.5 ± 2.1 | 38.3 ± 2.0 | 38.6 ± 2.2 | 38.6 ± 2.2 | 0.19 |
 Preterm delivery (%, No.) | 11.9 (84/705) | 15.9 (35/220) | 8.8 (23/260) | 11.7 (26/223) | 0.06 |