Table 1 Demographic, socio-economic, and behavioral characteristics of the study participants presenting to Machinga District Hospital
Variable | Cases (n = 403) (%) | Controls (n = 778) (%) | Total | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age of child (months) | ||||
6–23 | 188 (46.8) | 515 (66.4) | 703 (59.7) | |
24–35 | 100 (24.9) | 130 (16.8) | 238 (19.5) | |
36–59 | 114 (28.4) | 131 (16.9) | 245 (20.8) | <0.001 |
Sex | ||||
Male | 213 (53.0) | 404 (52.0) | 617 (52.4) | |
Female | 189 (47.0) | 372 (47.9) | 561 (47.6) | 0.764 |
Slept under an ITN last night | ||||
Yes | 353 (87.6) | 660 (84.8) | 1009 (85.8) | 0.199 |
No | 50 (12.4) | 118 (15.2) | 168 (14.2) | |
Slept under an ITN in 2 weeks before illness | ||||
Yes | 352 (87.3) | 657 (84.5) | 1009 (85.4) | 0.181 |
No | 51 (12.7) | 131 (15.6) | 168 (14.2) | |
Physical integrity of child’s ITN | ||||
Any holes | 168 (44.3) | 294 (40.8) | 462 (42.0) | 0.265 |
At least one fist-sized hole | 57 (15.0) | 93 (12.9) | 150 (13.7) | 0.330 |
Use of mosquito repellent | ||||
Yes | 24 (5.9) | 36 (4.6) | 60 (5.1) | 0.326 |
No | 379 (94.0) | 742 (95.3) | 1121 (94.9) | |
Education of caretaker | ||||
None | 45 (11.2) | 54 (7.0) | 99 (8.4) | |
Primary | 308 (76.6) | 549 (70.8) | 857 (72.8) | |
Secondary | 49 (12.2) | 172 (22.3) | 222 (18.9) | <0.001 |
Child sleeps on | ||||
Mattress | 62 (16.4) | 188 (26.2) | 250 (22.8) | |
Floor | 316 (83.6) | 529 (73.8) | 845 (77.2) | <0.001 |
SES | ||||
Least poor quintile | 48 (11.9) | 187 (23.0) | 235 (20.0) | <0.001 |
Bottom 80 % | 354 (88.1) | 589 (75.9) | 943 (80.1) | |
Presence of 2+ windows not on same wall | ||||
Yes | 78 (26.7) | 225 (37.6) | 303 (34.0) | <0.001 |
No | 205 (73.7) | 354 (62.8) | 559 (66.4) | |
Eaves | ||||
Any open | 337 (83.6) | 556 (75.3) | 923 (78.2) | 0.001 |
Closed | 66 (16.4) | 192 (24.7) | 258 (21.9) | |
Breeding sites within 20 meters | ||||
Yes | 82 (20.4) | 157 (20.2) | 239 (20.2) | 0.946 |
No | 321 (79.7) | 621 (79.8) | 942 (79.7) | |