Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study participants and qPCR results

Sex

89/52

288/141

89/4

466/240

Number of females/males

χ ² = 9.709

p = 0.0018

χ ² = 50.371

p = 1.273 × 10⁻¹²

χ ² = 12.971

p = 0.0003

χ ² = 72.346

p < 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

Age

28 (20)

24 (17)

25 (18)

25 (18)

Mean (SD)

Median (Range)

22 (2–86)

22** (0–99)

21 (3–99)

21 (0–99)

Number of volunteers per age group

 0–4

6

17

7

30

 5–14

34

136

41

211

 15–30

47

145

48

240

 >30

54

130

40

224

 Overall

141

428**

136

705**

P value (difference in age groups)

χ ² = 38.206

p = 2.557 × 10⁻⁰⁸

χ ² = 102.000

p < 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

χ ² = 29.706

p = 1.591 × 10⁻⁰⁶

χ ² = 378.970

p ≤ 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

Average parasitaemia (parasites/μl)

136.8 (351.6)

20.1 (25.2)

9.8 (8.2)

40.2 (153.6)

Mean (SD)

Median (Range)

11 (1–1133)

10 (1–106)

7 (3–25)

9.5 (1–1133)

Number of asymptomatic cases in qPCR positive volunteers (%)

9/10 (90 %)

17/36 (47.2 %)

5/8 (72.5 %)

31/54 (57.4 %)

χ ² = 1.1852

p = 0.2763