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Table 4 Percentage of anti-malarial-stocking private sector outlets with malaria RDT and microscopy available on the day of the survey over time

From: Testing times: trends in availability, price, and market share of malaria diagnostics in the public and private healthcare sector across eight sub-Saharan African countries from 2009 to 2015

 

Private for-profit health facilitiesa

Pharmacies and drug stores

N

% Outlets stocking RDT (95% CI)

% Outlets with microscopy (95% CI)

N

% Outlets stocking RDT (95% CI)

% Outlets with microscopy (95% CI)

West and Central Africa

 Benin

  2011

134

11.2 (2.4, 38.9)

22.5 (14.4, 33.4)

221

2.2 (9.8, 5.1)

0.0

  2014

139

11.6 (5.2, 23.8)

10.5 (4.0, 24.6)

192

0.1 (< 0.1, 0.4)***

0.1 (< 0.1, 0.4)

 Kinshasa (DRC)

  2009

71

5.1 (1.9, 13.0)

81.5 (72.0, 88.2)

661

0.1 (0.0, 1.0)

0.9 (0.4, 2.0)

  2013

200

18.3 (13.2, 25.0)

89.3 (84.2, 92.8)

693

0.4 (0.1, 2.3)

0.0

  2015

176

31.1 (21.8, 42.2)

88.7 (83.2 92.5)

612

1.3 (0.5, 3.2)

0.1 (< 0.1, 1.9)

 Katanga (DRC)

  2013

134

45.4 (33.4, 58.0)

49.2 (35.2, 63.3)

529

5.4 (3.7, 7.7)

2.2 (1.0, 4.8)

  2015

141

45.9 (36.5, 55.5)

23.3 (15.6, 33,4)**

565

9.4 (5.9, 14.6)

0.8 (0.4, 1.8)

 Nigeria

  2009

367

11.0 (2.7, 36.0)

36.1 (29.4, 43.4)

1360

0.5 (0.1, 1.9)

0.6 (0.2, 1.8)

  2011

93

8.6 (3.3, 20.6)

33.2 (19.5, 50.4)

1206

0.9 (0.3, 2.6)

0.2 (< 0.1, 0.9)

  2013

78

46.9 (30.3, 64.2)

24.0 (12.0, 42.2)

885

6.9 (4.3, 11.0)

0.2 (0.1, 1.1)

  2015

240

42.4 (29.3, 56.7)*

41.9 (18.3, 70.0)

2956

7.0 (5.2, 9.4) ***

<0.1 (< 0.1, 0.3)*

East Africa

 Kenya

  2010

269

6.7 (3.2, 13.6)

48.5 (37.7, 59.4)

655

2.2 (0.8, 6.0)

8.8 (5.8, 13.0)

  2011

280

6.7 (3.7, 11.8)

40.2 (30.4, 50.8)

744

3.1 (1.8, 5.2)

7.6 (5.1, 11.2)

  2014

375

29.3 (25.7, 33.0)***

61.1 (56.7, 65.4)*

1045

12.8 (11.0, 14.9)**

6.1 (4.8, 7.8)

 Tanzania

  2010

10

8.8 (1.0, 49.1)

58.0 (27.0, 83.8)

455

0.4 (0.1, 1.5)

<0.1 (< 0.1, 0.2)

  2011

25

3.4 (0.6, 17.8)

61.4 (31.6, 84.6)

673

1.0 (0.3, 3.3)

1.4 (0.7, 3.1)

  2014

172

47.7 (40.1, 55.5)

83.1 (75.6, 88.6)

1599

5.7 (3.9, 8.1)***

0.7 (0.3, 1.8)**

 Uganda

  2010

394

9.7 (6.6, 14.0)

41.3 (36.3, 46.6)

1220

2.2 (1.2, 3.8)

2.6 (1.2, 4.8)

  2011

811

20.3 (15.7, 25.8)

43.5 (39.2, 47.8)

1544

5.1 (3.6, 7.2)

2.5 (1.4, 4.6)

  2013

394

31.4 (25.9, 37.4)

46.6 (37.6, 55.8)

1512

11.2 (8.4, 14.8)

2.4 (1.4, 4.1)

  2015

966

47.7 (41.7, 53.8)***

41.1 (34.3, 48.1)

2381

20.7 (17.8, 23.9)***

1.1 (0.6, 2.3)

Southern Africa

 Madagascar

  2010

71

12.5 (6.5, 22.9)

4.3 (2.1, 8.5)

324

0.4 (0.1, 1.1)

0.1 (< 0.1, 0.3)

  2011

47

7.7 (3.5, 15.9)

3.6 (1.5, 8.4)

461

2.4 (1.2, 4.6)

0.0

  2013

94

45.9 (32.9, 59.5)

9.7 (4.4, 20.4)

529

1.7 (1.0, 3.0)

0.7 (0.1, 5.0)

  2015

182

43.8 (28.0, 60.9)**

3.1 (1.6, 5.7)

271

12.4 (6.5, 22.3)***

0.0

 Zambia

  2009

33

78.3 (58.0, 90.5)

74.4 (57.8, 86.1)

189

4.2 (0.9, 17.1)

3.1 (0.4, 20.2)

  2011

49

43.8 (23.6, 66.2)

86.9 (73.1, 94.2)

362

12.7 (4.3, 32.2)

0.1 (< 0.1, 0.6)

  2014

22

68.1 (45.6, 84.4)

72.2 (42.0, 90.3)

354

14.3 (6.5, 28.7)

0.4 (0.1, 0.9)

  1. aPrivate for-profit health facilities (hospitals, clinics and health centres) and pharmacies or drug stores with anti-malarials in stock on the day of the survey or within the previous 3 months
  2. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001, in reference to baseline year
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