Emergence of knock-down resistance in the Anopheles gambiae complex in the Upper River Region, The Gambia, and its relationship with malaria infection in children

Table 2 Odds ratios of Vgsc-1014 mutations and their association with study arm in 2010 and 2011

Kdr mutation status	2010				2011
	LLIN only arm	IRS-LLIN arm	OR (95% CI) (adjusted for clustering)	p value	LLIN only arm	IRS-LLIN arm	OR (95% CI) (adjusted for clustering)	p value
	n (%)	n (%)	OR (95% CI) (adjusted for clustering)	p value	n (%)	n (%)	OR (95% CI) (adjusted for clustering)	p value
Wild type	1761 (70.3%)	1015 (58.5%)			461 (53.9%)	250 (39.6%)
Any Vgsc-1014 mutation	695 (27.7%)	693 (39.9%)	1.54 (1.07–2.22)	0.02	370 (43.2%)	344 (54.4%)	2.26 (1.24–4.11)	0.01
Heterozygous Vgsc-1014F	70 (2.8%)	103 (5.9%)	2.17 (1.28–3.68)	0.004	34 (4.0%)	31 (4.9%)	1.32 (0.75–2.33)	0.34
Homozygous Vgsc-1014F	167 (6.7%)	290 (16.7%)	2.24 (1.12–4.49)	0.02	169 (19.7%)	196 (31.0%)	2.52 (1.20–5.29)	0.01
Heterozygous Vgsc-1014S	412 (16.4%)	262 (15.1%)	0.86 (0.67–1.11)	0.26	149 (17.4%)	95 (15.0%)	0.71 (0.41–1.23)	0.22
Homozygous Vgsc-1014S	46 (1.8%)	38 (2.2%)	1.09 (0.60–1.99)	0.78	18 (2.1%)	22 (3.5%)	1.34 (0.53–3.36)	0.54
N	2506	1736			856	632

ISSN: 1475-2875