Fig. 4

Expression of activation markers CD25/CD69 on T-cells from the study cohorts after iRBC stimulation. PBMCs were stimulated with iRBC lysates (iRBCs) to determine the levels of activation markers (CD25/CD69) on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell sub-sets. The percentage expression of a CD25−CD69+; b CD25+CD69−; c CD25+FOXP3−; and, d CD25+CD69+ T cells was analysed in healthy controls (n = 17), asymptomatic P. falciparum-infected children (n = 18) and symptomatic P. falciparum-infected children (n = 21). The data are presented as box plots with inter-quartile ranges. The 10th and 90th percentiles presented as whiskers. Medians are indicated by the horizontal lines across the boxes. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for statistical comparisons between groups. P values < 0.05 were considered to be significant after Dunn’s test to correct for multiple comparisons